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How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study
Priya Nandy,
Anupam Bandyopadhyay
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
73-77
Received:
1 September 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: The pulmonary capacities of a person depend on the activities of the respiratory muscles. The Motor neurons and its units of the respiratory muscles regulate breathing and can be studied by using surface electromyography. The effect of physical training on motor unit involvement was the main concern of this study and the other is to understand the influence of physical exercise on respiratory muscles. It has focused on the associative strength in motor units during forceful and normal respiration of 15-20 years young female and nonathletes. The sEMG has the delicate and respiratory interplay or coordination of muscles recorded by placing the electrodes on the preferred anatomical places of three selected muscles in standing postures of thirty-eight trained female athletes and thirty-three nonathletes. Spirometric studies were performed simultaneously during normal and forceful respiration in each subject. One way ANOVA, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests, and Strength of association during different types of respiration were calculated. A significant difference has been observed in motor unit activity among the three muscles during maximum and normal respiration. Scheffe's multiple comparison tests showed the difference between Intercostal and Latissimus dorsi, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. In nonathletes, significant differences were observed between Intercostal and diaphragm, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles only during normal respiration. But during forceful respiration, insignificant differences among the three muscles in females were observed in nonathletes. The strength of association of motor units for respiratory muscles and the duration of muscle responses are lower in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. But, motor unit activity is higher in athletes in all conditions. It means athletes produce better responses though there is a little motor unit involved. It has also been seen that the duration of EMG bursts, i.e. muscle response time is lower in athletes than nonathletes. So, this study concluded that with fewer motor units, athletes could produce more significant respiratory, muscular activity in less time and less associative strength than the non-athletes. It assumed that due to physical training, muscles improved pulmonary capacities by increasing the flexibility of respiratory muscles.
Abstract: The pulmonary capacities of a person depend on the activities of the respiratory muscles. The Motor neurons and its units of the respiratory muscles regulate breathing and can be studied by using surface electromyography. The effect of physical training on motor unit involvement was the main concern of this study and the other is to understand the ...
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The Contact Between Sports Talent Identification and Tracking of Tall and Short Height
Hikaru Tanaka,
Katsunori Fujii,
Yusaku Ogura
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
78-84
Received:
8 October 2021
Accepted:
26 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Understanding the qualities of elite athletes is necessary in trying to determine ability as sports talent. However, there are few findings based on analyses that objectively grasp the characteristics of exceptional athletes. If the characteristics of changes with age in tall and short height ranking could be clarified, the physical characteristics of tall and short height judged to be advantageous in certain sports could be identified. In this study, we analyzed the tracking status of tall and short individuals and verified the changes in height ranking level with changes in age. We then verified a logical system for the viewpoint of sports talent identification from the genetic contribution to height after birth. We then established a span evaluation chart for height with age using the wavelet interpolation model, and demonstrated the tracking of height rankings. In other words, individuals ranked as short or tall moved within that rank without change into adulthood. The major significance of this study is thought to be that, by verifying the tracking phenomenon for height, it paradoxically revealed a potential methodology for discussing heritability. By elucidating the tracking of height ranking, a logical system for the viewpoint of identifying sports talent based on the genetic contribution to height after birth could be seen in this study. Thus, if people with superior athletic ability and tall height could be identified from a very young age, it would lead to the identification of future talent in sports where height is an advantage. In sports where short height is an advantage, identifying individuals with superior athletic ability and short height would be beneficial. Therefore, a logical system for sports talent identification may have been established in this study by establishing a tracking analysis for tall and short height rank.
Abstract: Understanding the qualities of elite athletes is necessary in trying to determine ability as sports talent. However, there are few findings based on analyses that objectively grasp the characteristics of exceptional athletes. If the characteristics of changes with age in tall and short height ranking could be clarified, the physical characteristics...
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Structure of Application of Inertial Functional Loads on Kinematic and Dynamic Running Performance in the Phase of Maximum Speed
Armin Zecirovic,
Bojan Bjelica,
Adem Preljevic,
Rijad Zecirovic
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
85-91
Received:
3 November 2021
Accepted:
19 November 2021
Published:
25 November 2021
Abstract: The aim of this research was to induce changes in the kinematic and dynamic performance of running at maximum speed within the training with the application of additional inertial load, as well as to determine the adaptation processes in the observed variables that are supposed to significantly affect the maximum running speed. The research included initial and final measurement of all variables. Both measurements were performed in two days, the initial measurement (pretest) one day before the start of the training procedure, and finally two days after the end of the training procedure. Measurement of dynamic and kinematic variants was realized when running at maximum speed on the track from the 25th to the 50th meter. Each respondent ran twice, and a better score was used for the final treatment. Measuring devices (photocells - Brower timing system) are placed at the start, so that they register the start from the place (0.5m), at 25m and finally at 50m. Values were measured with an accuracy of 0.01s. The change of kinematic variables recorded by non - contact telemetry measurement (two - dimensional system) of one step cycle during the sprint step in the phase of maximum running speed, and as a consequence of applying a programmed training procedure with additional load at two different locations, was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the applied experimental factor within a specific six-week period caused statistically significant changes in the experimental (ER) and (EN) groups.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to induce changes in the kinematic and dynamic performance of running at maximum speed within the training with the application of additional inertial load, as well as to determine the adaptation processes in the observed variables that are supposed to significantly affect the maximum running speed. The research include...
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Exploration of Viewpoints in Identification of Gymnastic Talent with the Back Hip Circle
Hikaru Tanaka,
Katsunori Fujii,
Yuki Takeyama
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
92-97
Received:
12 November 2021
Accepted:
30 November 2021
Published:
7 December 2021
Abstract: In Japan, students attempt the back hip circle in physical education class in school. It is considered a simple teaching material with which children can experience feelings of achievement and pride. A major factor behind this is that schoolyards in Japan do not have an environment for gymnastics, equipped only with horizontal bars. Therefore, the path from horizontal bars to gymnastics may have been laid from that time. We applied the wavelet interpolation model to the accomplishment rate for the back hip circle in young children, and described the development curve of that accomplishment rate. We then considered the level of physical maturity associated with the accomplishment rate from the behavior of the development velocity curve, and investigated whether the back hip circle accomplishment rate on the horizontal bar was linked to identification of subsequent talent in gymnastics. The results showed that when the behavior of the accomplishment rate velocity curve was compared in boys and girls, the peak velocity in girls was already detected at around the age of 3–4, and maturity was clearly earlier. The ability to comply with a sequence of movements (sequence compliance ability) was examined only in young children, but girls were superior to boys in that ability and girls also had a higher accomplishment rate in the back hip circle. Thus, a close relationship between non-cognitive ability and the back hip circle accomplishment rate may be conjectured. The accomplishment rate curve for back hip circles shows a neural pattern, like the development curve for the 50-m dash, and is dependent on a neural pattern. Thus, performance in the back hip circle can be evaluated from an early stage, and since an element of gymnastics can be distinguished, it may be a barometer for judging gymnastics talent, including genetics. Abilities that show a neural development pattern have a high genetic component, and genetic traits are expressed from early childhood and are highly likely to trace until adulthood. Therefore, in such individuals the physical abilities of coordination, flexibility, quickness, balance, and endurance are superior, and the back hip circle is accomplished early. The possibility was shown this early accomplishment of the back hip circle and the conditions of short height and low body weight are very important information in talent identification for gymnastics.
Abstract: In Japan, students attempt the back hip circle in physical education class in school. It is considered a simple teaching material with which children can experience feelings of achievement and pride. A major factor behind this is that schoolyards in Japan do not have an environment for gymnastics, equipped only with horizontal bars. Therefore, the ...
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Measuring Instruments for Assessing the Explosive Power of the Lower Limbs in Volleyball Players
Armin Zecirovic,
Rijad Zecirovic,
Emir Bisevac,
Ilma Capric,
Raid Mekic,
Adem Mavric
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
98-102
Received:
15 November 2021
Accepted:
3 December 2021
Published:
10 December 2021
Abstract: The most accurate data for measuring the explosive power of the lower extremities are provided by modern measuring instruments and apparatus for measuring the maximum isometric force of the leg extensors with associated hardware and software, tensiometric probe inside the foot platform, force reader with PC such as Quattro Jump, Ergo Jump, Myotest. Given that explosive power is one of the essential abilities in volleyball, which contributes to the vertical jump of volleyball players, this research would aim to present and assess the validity of these measuring instruments. The method of work is to collect relevant literature in the period from 2007 to 2021 and analyze them. The results showed practicality, efficiency, the economy in transport, validity, reliability, as well as the static correlation of tested variables. The research included nine original scientific papers, which satisfied the research problems and could provide an answer to the set goal. With the help of the found research, we can freely say that the application of measuring instruments for estimating the explosive power of the lower extremities in recreation and sports is in expansion and an increasingly common ally of coaches in initial measurement, tracking form, and designing training sessions.
Abstract: The most accurate data for measuring the explosive power of the lower extremities are provided by modern measuring instruments and apparatus for measuring the maximum isometric force of the leg extensors with associated hardware and software, tensiometric probe inside the foot platform, force reader with PC such as Quattro Jump, Ergo Jump, Myotest....
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