Research Article
The Financial Returns of Green Logistics: A PMG-ARDL Study of ROA, ROE, and ROIC in European Firms
(2010-2023)
Bochra Issa*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
1-14
Received:
24 November 2025
Accepted:
27 January 2026
Published:
10 August 2026
Abstract: Green logistics has become a crucial strategy for enhancing environmental sustainability while simultaneously bolstering firms' competitiveness and financial performance. Despite the increasing interest in sustainable logistics, empirical evidence of its long-term financial effects on European firms remains scarce. This study examines the impact of Green Logistics Intensity (GLI), defined as the incorporation of environmentally responsible logistics practices, on the financial performance of firms in Europe. The analysis utilizes a panel dataset comprising 180 industrial, transport, and automotive firms over the period of 2010–2023. Financial performance is assessed using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Invested Capital (ROIC). To estimate both short-term dynamics and long-term equilibrium relationships while considering firm heterogeneity, this study employs the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG–ARDL) estimator. The results indicate that the GLI exerts a positive and statistically significant long-term effect on all financial performance indicators. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the GLI corresponds to increases of 0.090 in ROA, 0.210 in ROE, and 0.130 in ROIC (all p < 0.01), with the most pronounced effects observed in the transport sector. Furthermore, the significant error correction terms confirm the presence of a stable long-term relationship between green logistics and financial performance. These findings illustrate that the integration of environmentally responsible logistics practices enhances long-term profitability and value creation, offering important implications for corporate managers and policymakers aiming to promote sustainable and financially resilient business strategies.
Abstract: Green logistics has become a crucial strategy for enhancing environmental sustainability while simultaneously bolstering firms' competitiveness and financial performance. Despite the increasing interest in sustainable logistics, empirical evidence of its long-term financial effects on European firms remains scarce. This study examines the impact of...
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Research Article
Comparative Analysis as a Means of Perception of an Artistic Work (Using the Example of a Short Story)
Svetlana Belorussova,
Arina Mayorova*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, June 2026
Pages:
15-21
Received:
10 July 2026
Accepted:
24 July 2026
Published:
22 August 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsqa.20261201.12
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Abstract: The article examines the perception of an artistic work by younger schoolchildren using a comparative analysis of a literary text. The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education sets one of the requirements for the literary development of younger students: the mastery of universal educational communicative actions. In order for a student to engage in active communicative activity with the text being studied in the classroom, it is necessary to use analytical techniques that will help the student to approach the text, feel it, and become interested in it. This will then lead to a dialogue between the reader and the writer. These tasks are not easy to accomplish. To solve them, it is important to create an environment where the process of analyzing a literary text becomes natural for the young reader. Using comparative analysis will help create such conditions. The purpose of this work is to identify the methodological conditions for using comparative analysis as a means of improving the perception of younger students when working with literary texts. The level of perception of an artistic work among third grade students is revealed. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to develop a series of lessons where comparative analysis techniques will organize perception at different stages of working with it. These techniques will be aimed at fostering in primary school students the ability to compare a literary text (specifically a short story) with other literary texts and its interpretation across various art forms.
Abstract: The article examines the perception of an artistic work by younger schoolchildren using a comparative analysis of a literary text. The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education sets one of the requirements for the literary development of younger students: the mastery of universal educational communicative actions. In order fo...
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