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Research Article
Association Between Nutritional Scores and BMI Among Elderly in Shanghai Communities: A Community Health Survey
Zhui Ke
,
Peng Ji,
Yini Zhao,
Jingyi Lu,
Xinpei Luo,
Xuemin He,
Zhuqing Liu,
Min Yuan,
Xianling Guo,
Qing Xu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
294-300
Received:
4 October 2025
Accepted:
22 October 2025
Published:
22 November 2025
Abstract: Background: Population aging intensifies the public health challenge of malnutrition among the elderly, who face both undernutrition and overnutrition. The relationship between BMI and nutritional status in urban Chinese elderly remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) scores among community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 to January 2023, involving 106 elderly residents aged ≥60 years. Data on demographics, BMI, and MNA-SF scores were collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. Results: The mean age was 70.89 ± 6.56 years, with 75.5% females. Mean BMI was 22.85 ± 3.13 kg/m²; 30.2% were overweight and 7.5% underweight. The mean MNA-SF score was 12.23 ± 1.50, with 29.2% at risk of malnutrition. A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and nutritional score (r = 0.504, p < 0.001). Linear regression showed BMI positively predicted nutritional score (β = 0.243, p < 0.001), with the equation: Nutritional Score = 6.679 + 0.243 × BMI (R² = 0.254). Conclusion: BMI is positively associated with nutritional scores among Shanghai community-dwelling elderly. However, reliance solely on BMI may overlook hidden malnutrition risks in overweight individuals. Community health strategies should integrate comprehensive nutritional assessments for targeted interventions.
Abstract: Background: Population aging intensifies the public health challenge of malnutrition among the elderly, who face both undernutrition and overnutrition. The relationship between BMI and nutritional status in urban Chinese elderly remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mini-Nutr...
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Research Article
Barriers to Male Involvement in Family Planning Services: Health Service Challenges in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
301-307
Received:
6 October 2025
Accepted:
22 October 2025
Published:
26 November 2025
Abstract: Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes, yet participation remains low in many Sub-Saharan African countries, including Rwanda. This study assessed the level of male involvement and identified health service-related barriers to FP service utilization among men in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 married men aged 21 and above in Musanze District. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through pre-tested, interview-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify health service-related factors associated with male involvement in FP. Results: The overall level of male involvement in FP services was low, at 36.7%. After adjusting for other variables, distance to a health facility was significantly associated with involvement. Men living more than 5 km from an FP service delivery point had 93% lower odds of being highly involved in FP compared to those living within 5 km (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.071; 95% CI: 0.009-0.579). Conclusion: Male involvement in FP services in Musanze district is low, with geographic distance to facilities being a major health service barrier. Interventions to increase male participation should include strategies to improve physical access to FP services, such as community-based service delivery and mobile clinics.
Abstract: Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes, yet participation remains low in many Sub-Saharan African countries, including Rwanda. This study assessed the level of male involvement and identified health service-related barriers to FP service utilization among men in Musanze District, N...
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Research Article
Emergency Physician Stress and Its Impact on Patient Outcomes: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Assessment Tool
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
308-314
Received:
13 October 2025
Accepted:
23 October 2025
Published:
28 November 2025
Abstract: Background: Emergency physicians (EPs) work in unpredictable, high-pressure environments that demand rapid clinical decisions and constant multitasking. Such conditions expose them to significant occupational stress, which, if persistent or unmanaged, can impair judgment, reduce job satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of burnout. Understanding and accurately measuring this stress is essential to improving physician well-being and patient safety. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional tool to assess stress among emergency physicians and to explore its relationship with key patient-related outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sudan from February to July 2025. A structured, self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to practicing emergency physicians across multiple hospitals. The tool underwent content and construct validation, with exploratory factor analysis used to identify underlying stress domains. Logistic regression was applied to examine associations between overall stress levels and self-reported clinical outcomes, including medical errors and turnover intention. Results: A total of 202 emergency physicians completed the survey. Four primary stress domains were identified: burnout, workload, psychological distress, and system-related stress. Higher composite stress scores were significantly correlated with increased reports of medical errors (p < 0.01) and a greater intention to leave their current position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The developed instrument demonstrated strong validity and reliability in assessing multiple aspects of emergency physician stress. Findings highlight that elevated stress levels adversely affect both clinicians and patients. Implementing structured support systems, promoting coping strategies, and enhancing workplace resilience are essential to reduce stress and improve emergency care quality.
Abstract: Background: Emergency physicians (EPs) work in unpredictable, high-pressure environments that demand rapid clinical decisions and constant multitasking. Such conditions expose them to significant occupational stress, which, if persistent or unmanaged, can impair judgment, reduce job satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of burnout. Understandin...
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Research Article
Socio-Demographic and Health Profiles of Midlife Women Practicing the 3D Movement Method: A Cross-Sectional Survey Interpreted Through Self-Determination Theory
Zarina Manaenkova*,
Ekaterina A. Santanna
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
315-327
Received:
20 October 2025
Accepted:
19 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.14
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Abstract: Background: Physical activity is a key non-pharmacological strategy during the menopausal transition. The 3D Movement Method is a remote, multiplanar practice combining verbal guidance and mindful attention. Objective: To characterize socio-demographic, health, and activity profiles of midlife women practicing the method and to interpret engagement through Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional online survey (April–June 2025) included women aged ≥35 years (N = 330). Measures covered socio-demographics, menopausal status, physical activity history and frequency, perceived progress across five functional domains, and standardized scales: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Analyses were descriptive with cross-tabulations and exploratory regressions for SF-36 summaries. Results: Participants were largely highly educated, employed, globally distributed, and mostly peri- or postmenopausal, with moderate symptom intensity. Practice frequency was high: 34.5% practiced daily and 40.6% 3–6 times per week; 81.5% rated exercise importance as 10/10. Perceived progress was positive, highest for mobility (M = 1.42 on a 0–2 scale). SF-36 indicated above-average physical status (PCS = 54.48) and comparatively lower mental status (MCS = 44.95). Mean MAAS was 4.27/6 and mean MSPSS 5.23/7. Conclusions: Interpreted through SDT, engagement patterns suggest support for autonomy (flexible scheduling and adaptation), competence (clear cueing and micro-progressions), and relatedness (mediated community), which may help sustain practice. Key limitations include non-probability sampling of active practitioners and reliance on self-reported data. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the method as a scalable remote health promotion option.
Abstract: Background: Physical activity is a key non-pharmacological strategy during the menopausal transition. The 3D Movement Method is a remote, multiplanar practice combining verbal guidance and mindful attention. Objective: To characterize socio-demographic, health, and activity profiles of midlife women practicing the method and to interpret engagement...
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Research Article
Knowledge and Self-Management Practices of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kibagabaga District Hospital
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
328-337
Received:
25 October 2025
Accepted:
8 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.15
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Abstract: Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global public health concern. In Rwanda, its prevalence continues to rise, yet limited information exists regarding patients’ diabetes-specific knowledge and self-management practices. Objective: This study assessed diabetes-specific knowledge and self-management among patients with T2DM attending Kibagabaga District Hospital. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 198 patients with T2DM selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the 198 participants, 63.6% were female, with a mean age of 52.4 years (SD = 11.83). The mean duration since diagnosis of diabetes was 4.5 years. Comorbidities were reported in 33.3% of participants, predominantly hypertension (16.7%). More than half (55.1%, n = 109) demonstrated adequate diabetes-specific knowledge, while 97% (n = 192) showed poor self-management practices. No significant association was found between diabetes-specific knowledge and self-management levels. However, self-management was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with social class (Ubudehe category) and the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: Although many patients exhibited fair diabetes-specific knowledge, self-management practices remained poor. Further research is needed to identify barriers to effective self-care, and targeted interventions should be implemented to improve diabetes education and management among patients in Rwanda.
Abstract: Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global public health concern. In Rwanda, its prevalence continues to rise, yet limited information exists regarding patients’ diabetes-specific knowledge and self-management practices. Objective: This study assessed diabetes-specific knowledge and self-management among patients with T2DM atte...
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Research Article
Association of NLRP3 rs4612666 Gene Polymorphism with Helicobacter Pylori Infection Susceptibility a Case-Control Study Using Molecular and Statistical Analysis
Liyan Liu,
Chaoling Shi,
Yixuan Lang,
Bo Zhang,
Zhonghuang Cong,
Li Yang,
Chunlei Dai,
Guotao Qin,
Zhonghui Wang,
Tieliang Sun,
Jie Lei*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
338-342
Received:
27 October 2025
Accepted:
19 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.16
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Abstract: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major global health concern, associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, which result in significant morbidity and economic burden on healthcare systems. This study investigates the relationship between the NLRP3 rs4612666 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. pylori infection using a case-control design that involved 200 people. We employed molecular techniques and statistical analyses to evaluate the distributions of genotypes and alleles. Our findings indicated no significant difference in the distribution of NLRP3 rs4612666 genotypes between the infected group (C/C: 35.0%, C/T: 51.0%, T/T: 14.0%) and the non-infected group (C/C: 24.0%, C/T: 50.0%, T/T: 26.0%) with a p-value of 0.059. However, we did observe a statistically significant difference in allele frequencies, with allele C found in 60.5% of the infected group compared to 49.0% in the non-infected group (p=0.021), suggesting that allele C may be linked to a higher susceptibility to H. pylori infection. Despite these insights, the study has limitations, including a small sample size and a lack of clinical validation, highlighting the necessity for further research with larger cohorts to verify these associations. This research enhances our understanding of the genetic factors contributing to H. pylori infection, which could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and emphasizes the need to explore additional genetic markers to deepen our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major global health concern, associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, which result in significant morbidity and economic burden on healthcare systems. This study investigates the relationship between the NLRP3 rs4612666 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. ...
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Research Article
A Review of the Current State of Multimodal Data Annotation in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
343-351
Received:
28 October 2025
Accepted:
12 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251306.17
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Abstract: Integrating artificial intelligence with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a vital step towards the modernization and intelligent development of TCM. The aim of this article is to explore the current state of research and development in the annotation of multimodal data for TCM. First, the paper elucidates the background and core significance of multimodal data annotation. Then, it provides a systematic analysis of the various sources of TCM data, including textual materials such as classical texts and modern medical case records; imaging data such as facial, tongue, and ocular diagnoses; and signal data such as pulse and auscultation diagnoses. It also covers the technical characteristics of the annotation of these data types. Subsequently, the article explores detailed annotation methodologies tailored to various application scenarios. These include knowledge representation for classical Chinese medicine texts, in-depth annotation to capture the expertise of renowned traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, and standardized annotation for modern clinical information systems. Finally, this paper focuses on exploring the cross-disciplinary integration of global workspace theory (GWT) in cognitive neuroscience with multi-granularity computing and multimodal annotation in computer science. GWT offers an approach to understanding how diverse diagnostic information is synthesized into a coherent awareness, mirroring the process of TCM pattern differentiation. Multi-granularity computation is a methodological approach to processing this information through attention mechanisms at different levels. By integrating these advanced concepts with a practical framework for multimodal annotation, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and methodological insights for constructing intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic systems tailored to the cognitive characteristics of TCM.
Abstract: Integrating artificial intelligence with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a vital step towards the modernization and intelligent development of TCM. The aim of this article is to explore the current state of research and development in the annotation of multimodal data for TCM. First, the paper elucidates the background and core significance o...
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