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Research Article
A Data-driven Multiscale Analysis by Combination of Cluster-based Non-uniform Transformation Field Analysis and Artificial Neural Network
Un-Il Ri,
Jun-Hyok Ri*
,
Hyon-Sik Hong,
Yong-Chol Kim,
Jin-Chol Ri
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
122-132
Received:
11 July 2025
Accepted:
8 August 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: Data-driven computational mechanics have been used in the field of multiscale analysis where the constitutive modeling of composites is obtained by learning the material database obtained experimentally or numerically, using artificial neural network (ANN). In this paper, we present a data-driven multiscale analysis by combining the cluster-based non-uniform transformation field analysis (CNTFA), a reduced order model for the numerical homogenization of composites with periodically arranged microstructure, with ANN. Here, the CNTFA which was developed by the authors is efficient reduced order model for multiscale analysis of different nonlinear composites. Feed-forward neural network, a neural network is designed and trained for calculating the material stiffness and reproducing the microscale field quantities. The stiffness of homogenized material is approximately calculated using the gradient of ANN and strain concentration tensor. The proposed method can be effectively used in reproduction of field information (e.g. strain and stress) at the microscale as well as the analysis of structures at the macroscale. This property is distinguished with other cluster based methods such as SCA, VCA, FCA, in which the field information is reproduced at cluster level, not microscale level. An example calculation of three-point bending beam shows that the proposed method is very effective for the multiscale analysis of nonlinear composite structures.
Abstract: Data-driven computational mechanics have been used in the field of multiscale analysis where the constitutive modeling of composites is obtained by learning the material database obtained experimentally or numerically, using artificial neural network (ANN). In this paper, we present a data-driven multiscale analysis by combining the cluster-based n...
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Research Article
Comparison of P53 Marker Expression Between Dentigerous Cyst and Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
Samira Mostafazadeh,
Babak Ebrahimi,
Fariba Abdal*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
133-139
Received:
30 October 2025
Accepted:
10 November 2025
Published:
9 December 2025
Abstract: Background: Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a developmental cyst that often appears in jaw cysts, and dentigerous cyst is the most common developmental cyst of the jaw, which has the ability to turn into a neoplasm. p53 is increased in some odontogenic cysts and tumors. The aim of this study is to compare the expression of P53 marker in dentigerous cyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst by immunohistochemical method. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, the studied population is the sample of odontogenic dentigerous cysts and calcifying odontogenic cysts in the pathology center of urmia. First, all the files in the archive of the department from 2000 to 2021 were examined and the cases of cysts were examined separately and in terms of the expression of P53 marker in dentigerous cysts and calcifying odontogenic cysts by immunohistochemical method. Results: The results showed that the overall mean expression of p-53 marker in dentigerous cyst group was 33.45 with a standard deviation of 11.86%, among which the lowest and highest expression of the said marker was 12% and 54%, respectively. The overall average expression of p-53 marker in the calcifying odontogenic cyst group is 59.55 with a standard deviation of 13.73%, among which the lowest and highest expression of the said marker was 30% and 87%, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference between dentigerous cyst patients and odontogenic calcifying cyst patients in terms of p-53 marker expression, and the said marker is more expressed in patients in the odontogenic calcifying cyst group compared to dentigerous cyst patients (p< 0.001) Conclusions: It seems that this protein (p53) can probably be a suitable marker to confirm the ability to predict invasion in premalignant oral lesions such as cysts in odontogenic calcification patients.
Abstract: Background: Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a developmental cyst that often appears in jaw cysts, and dentigerous cyst is the most common developmental cyst of the jaw, which has the ability to turn into a neoplasm. p53 is increased in some odontogenic cysts and tumors. The aim of this study is to compare the expression of P53 marker in dentigerous ...
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Research Article
The Role of Ghana Armed Forces Code of Discipline in Shaping Conduct and Academic Outcomes in the Six Garrison Basic Schools in Tamale, Ghana
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
140-148
Received:
26 September 2025
Accepted:
12 November 2025
Published:
9 December 2025
Abstract: Until recently, discipline was critical in educational institutions. However, with the various educational reforms in Ghana, emphasizing the rights of the student and outlawing corporal punishment, acts of indiscipline have increased in the schools. The consequences of indiscipline are many; it affects academic performance, demoralises teachers, and creates an unsafe school environment. As indiscipline is a significant problem in many public schools, the Ghana Armed Forces Code of Discipline applied in the Six Garrison Basic Schools presents a unique case, and is used as a case study in this study. The study was conducted in the Six Garrison Basic Schools at Kamina and Bawah barracks in Tamale. Respondents were drawn from the neighbouring communities from which most of the students come. The study used interviews, focus group discussions, and observations as the key data collection tools. The study found that students in these schools exhibited signs of discipline characteristic of the Ghana Armed Forces. The study found that through imitation, observation, and enforcement, students have imbibed the Ghana Armed Forces Code of Discipline. The study found that students arrive at school on time, stay in class, and complete their assignments both in and out of class. The study further found that respect for teachers and authority is highly encouraged, and the school environment is safer for both teachers and students to engage in academic work. The study, however, found that the implementation of the Ghana Armed Forces Code of Discipline in the Six Garrison Basic Schools was affected by institutional differences because the schools are under the Ghana Education Service, while the Armed Forces are under the Ministry of Defence. While the Ghana Armed Forces would like to apply their code of discipline in these schools fully, they are restricted by the Ghana Education Service. Despite this seeming restriction, the Ghana Armed Forces Code of Discipline is imbued with both teachers’ and students’ values. The study recommends replicating this practice in public schools in Ghana.
Abstract: Until recently, discipline was critical in educational institutions. However, with the various educational reforms in Ghana, emphasizing the rights of the student and outlawing corporal punishment, acts of indiscipline have increased in the schools. The consequences of indiscipline are many; it affects academic performance, demoralises teachers, an...
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Research Article
Determination of Optimum Bed Width and Hydraulic Performance of Furrow Irrigation for Wheat at Dambi Dima Irrigation Scheme, Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Gudeta Genemo*,
Habtamu Bedane
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
149-158
Received:
1 October 2025
Accepted:
17 October 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sf.20250604.14
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Abstract: The use of furrow irrigated bed width method has increased due to its capability of saving massive amounts of irrigation water. Based on these field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of furrow irrigated bed width and flow rate on irrigation efficiency, wheat grain yield and crop water productivity under surface irrigation system. The experimental field was arranged factorial experiments in randomized complete block design with three replications. The result indicated that, effect of bed width of furrow and flow rate were highly significant (p<0.01) on wheat grain yield, yield component, crop water productivity, application efficiency and distribution uniformity, but effect of bed width of furrow were no significant effect on grain per spike and Plant height. The result of interaction analysis showed that interaction between bed width of furrow and flow rate were significant (p<0.05) affected by wheat grain yield, crop water productivity, application efficiency and distribution uniformity, but non-significant influencing wheat yield component. The mean maximum wheat grain yield, crop productivity, application efficiency were obtained with treatment interaction of BW 80cm X Q2, were 6.87 tons/ha, 2.88 kg/m3, and 87.52%, respectively. The mean maximum distribution uniformity of 90.35% was obtained with treatment interaction of BW 80cm X Q3. From economic analysis point of view the maximum net benefit of 189,820 ETB per hectare with 1.05 benefit cost ratio was obtained at optimum bed width (80cm) and flow rate (Q2). At optimum bed width (80cm) and flow rate (Q2), 1234 m3/ha amount of water was saved and this saved water was able to irrigate 0.5 ha and from this hectare, farmers able to get net return of 93,653.72 ETB. Therefore, it can be concluded that, application of 80cm bed width of furrow and flow rate of Q2 (2L/s) at Dambi Dima irrigation scheme was found to be the most efficient and also economically viable.
Abstract: The use of furrow irrigated bed width method has increased due to its capability of saving massive amounts of irrigation water. Based on these field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of furrow irrigated bed width and flow rate on irrigation efficiency, wheat grain yield and crop water productivity under surface irrigation system. Th...
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