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Research Article
Effects of Smoking on Body Mass Index among University Students in Bangladesh
Tahmina Akter*,
Mimma Tabassum,
Mohammad Iftakhar Parvej
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
1-8
Received:
8 January 2024
Accepted:
22 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Both smoking and being overweight are two major global public health issues nowadays that can raise the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders and that can lead to death. This study aims to determine the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) among university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional research design is adopted; the target population of the study is university students including all religions and races. With the aid of a non-probability convenience sampling technique, a total of 910 university students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and parametric statistical analyses were used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. Among the respondents, smokers and non-smokers represented 496 (54.5%) and 414 (45.5%) respectively. Among the 496 smokers of respondents, their smoking intensity score showed 70.6% of respondents were low dependent on nicotine and 29.4% were high dependent on nicotine. There was a significant difference between subjects who smoked cigarettes and those who did not smoke cigarettes regarding gender, age, study group, current living status, socio-economic class, and religion (p < 0.05). The present study showed a significant association between high smoking intensity with overweight (p < 0.05). According to the study, smoking cigarettes over an extended period is associated with a lower BMI and vice versa. We find that 54.5% of the university students in our sample were smokers, and we think that if awareness programs are introduced or increased in universities with regular activities of universities the percentage of smoking is decreased. When someone managing their body weight, smoking status and quitting techniques should also be taken into consideration.
Abstract: Both smoking and being overweight are two major global public health issues nowadays that can raise the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders and that can lead to death. This study aims to determine the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) among university students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional research...
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Research Article
Toward Agricultural Resilience: Analyzing Brazil's National Fertilizer Plan
Daniella Lima da Costa Teodoro,
Suyene Monteiro da Rocha,
Luiz Paulo Figueredo Benicio*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
9-14
Received:
5 January 2024
Accepted:
18 January 2024
Published:
20 February 2024
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the National Fertilizer Plan presented by the Brazilian government, with the goal of developing and expanding the sector, given the prominent role of the country as a significant food producer, facing significant challenges in this domain. The research was conducted through bibliographic reviews and a qualitative approach to the subject. The results indicate that, due to the current scenario in the fertilizer sector in Brazil, a policy of this magnitude is not only timely but also crucial. The plan is based on important guidelines such as modernizing the sector, investing in the fertilizer chain, promoting competitiveness for Brazilian products, robustly investing in science, technology, and development, and improving the logistics environment for the fertilizer chain. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the presented plan exhibits robustness by conscientiously addressing environmental sustainability. It aspires not only to modernize the Brazilian fertilizer industry but also to expand domestic production, accompanied by substantial investments in research, development, and innovation. The plan outlines goals and actions to be implemented by 2050; however, it is imperative that these objectives be closely monitored and periodically reviewed to ensure the success of the initiative. In summary, it can be asserted that the National Fertilizer Plan represents a significant step toward a more resilient, sustainable, and productive Brazilian agriculture.
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the National Fertilizer Plan presented by the Brazilian government, with the goal of developing and expanding the sector, given the prominent role of the country as a significant food producer, facing significant challenges in this domain. The research was conducted through bibliographic reviews and a qualitative approac...
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Research Article
The Economic Policy of Gábor Bethlen and Its Legal Implications
Pál Szentpáli-Gavallér*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
15-21
Received:
21 March 2024
Accepted:
9 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
Abstract: The background for this research and the writing of this article is that the 400th anniversary of the death of Gábor Bethlen is approaching, and the Corpus Juris Hungarici and some representatives of the Hungarian scholarly elite (see e.g. Trócsányi) play a significant role in the literature researched. The role of Gábor Bethlen Hungarian and Transylvanian history can be, and probably should not be, disputed, because his domestic, foreign and economic policies served to maintain the "Hungarian" state of the Principality of Transylvania. Its practical implementation can always be subject to so-called "criticism". In this respect, it is worth examining both the theoretical and the practical aspects, as well as the legal and economic-historical aspects, as far as possible, including tax and economic policy and, where appropriate, the various (even sociological) aspects of these, since their outline may be of assistance to the legislators of today. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the Transylvanian state tax system is particularly striking in this respect; the levying of taxes without regard to the mate-rial strength of the subjects is in stark contrast to the idea that Transylvania in this period can be equated with absolu-tism in the Western sense, nor does it elevate the Principality of Transylvania to the rank of Western absolutism, although it was an indication of the prince's unlimited power that he could "abolish" the Diet. The reason for this was that he did not change the structure of the estates and central govern-ment that had existed since 1541.
Abstract: The background for this research and the writing of this article is that the 400th anniversary of the death of Gábor Bethlen is approaching, and the Corpus Juris Hungarici and some representatives of the Hungarian scholarly elite (see e.g. Trócsányi) play a significant role in the literature researched. The role of Gábor Bethlen Hungarian and Trans...
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