Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola; Saliu Joseph. Kayode

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola, Saliu Joseph. Kayode

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Published: 10 March 2013

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Abstract

Effects of sub lethal concentrations of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) on the proximate composition and energy content of the flesh of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus was investigated in this study. All proximate compo-nents (amino acids, protein, and lipid) and total energy content, except carbohydrate showed a consistent reduction in de-tected levels as compared to values recorded at day 0 in exposed fishes and their controls. Physiological response of organ-isms was also indicated to be affected by other environmental stressors during the experiment apart from the investigated metal salts.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
Page(s)	31-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Proximate Composition; Lead; Zinc; Clarias Gariepinus

References

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[2]	F.A.O. (1991). Fish for Food and Employment. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.
[3]	Longhurst, A.R. (1961). Report on the Fisheries. Ministry Economic Development, Lagos.
[4]	Olaifa, F.E., Olaifa, A.K., Adelaja, A.A., and Owolabi, A.G. (2004). Heavy Metal Contamination of Clarias gariepinus From a Lake and Fish Farm in Ibadan Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 7:145-148.
[5]	Gonall, A.G., Bardawill, C.J. and David, M.M. (1949). De-termination of Total Protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 177: 751-760.
[6]	AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC.
[7]	Clegg, K.M. (1956). Total Available Carbohydrate in Foods. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 7: 40-44.
[8]	Edem, D.O., Amugo,C.I. and Eka, O.U. (1990). Chemical Composition of Yam Beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa). Trop-ical science. 30: 59-63.
[9]	Onyeike, E.N., Olungwe, T. and Uwakwe, A.A. (1995). Effect of Heat Treatement and Defatting on the Proximate Composition of Some Nigerian Local Soup Thickners. Food Chemistry. 53: 173-175.
[10]	Walker, C.H., Hopkin, S.P., Silby, R.M. and Peakall, D.B. (2001). Principles of Ecotoxicology. Taylor and Francis group, New York. 308pp.
[11]	Amzat, R., Aziz, F., and Yousfi, M. (2008). Effects of Water Pollution on Four Bioindicators of Water Resources in Sindh Pakistan. Research Journal Of Environmental Sciences.2 (6): 465-473.
[12]	Mason, C.F. (1992). Biology of Freshwater Pollution. 2nd Edition Longman. 351pp.
[13]	Oyewo, Z. O. (1998). Industrial Sources and Distribution of Heavy Metal in Lagos Lagoon And Their Biological Effects On Estuaries Animals. Ph.D. Thesis, University Of Lagos. 274pp.

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APA Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola, Saliu Joseph. Kayode. (2013). Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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ACS Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola; Saliu Joseph. Kayode. Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013, 2(2), 31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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AMA Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola, Saliu Joseph. Kayode. Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(2):31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12,
  author = {Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola and Saliu Joseph. Kayode},
  title = {Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  abstract = {Effects of sub lethal concentrations of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) on the proximate composition and energy content of  the flesh of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus  was investigated in this study. All proximate compo-nents (amino acids, protein, and lipid) and total energy content, except carbohydrate showed a consistent reduction in de-tected levels as compared to values recorded at day 0 in exposed fishes and their controls. Physiological response of organ-isms was also indicated to be affected by other environmental stressors during the experiment apart from the investigated metal salts.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus
AU  - Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola
AU  - Saliu Joseph. Kayode
Y1  - 2013/03/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 31
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
AB  - Effects of sub lethal concentrations of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) on the proximate composition and energy content of  the flesh of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus  was investigated in this study. All proximate compo-nents (amino acids, protein, and lipid) and total energy content, except carbohydrate showed a consistent reduction in de-tected levels as compared to values recorded at day 0 in exposed fishes and their controls. Physiological response of organ-isms was also indicated to be affected by other environmental stressors during the experiment apart from the investigated metal salts.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola

Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Saliu Joseph. Kayode

Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

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APA Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola, Saliu Joseph. Kayode. (2013). Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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ACS Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola; Saliu Joseph. Kayode. Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013, 2(2), 31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

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AMA Style

Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola, Saliu Joseph. Kayode. Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(2):31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12,
  author = {Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola and Saliu Joseph. Kayode},
  title = {Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130202.12},
  abstract = {Effects of sub lethal concentrations of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) on the proximate composition and energy content of  the flesh of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus  was investigated in this study. All proximate compo-nents (amino acids, protein, and lipid) and total energy content, except carbohydrate showed a consistent reduction in de-tected levels as compared to values recorded at day 0 in exposed fishes and their controls. Physiological response of organ-isms was also indicated to be affected by other environmental stressors during the experiment apart from the investigated metal salts.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Lead and Zinc on The Proximate Composition of Post Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus
AU  - Bawa- Allah Kafilat. Adebola
AU  - Saliu Joseph. Kayode
Y1  - 2013/03/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 31
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.12
AB  - Effects of sub lethal concentrations of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) on the proximate composition and energy content of  the flesh of post juvenile Clarias gariepinus  was investigated in this study. All proximate compo-nents (amino acids, protein, and lipid) and total energy content, except carbohydrate showed a consistent reduction in de-tected levels as compared to values recorded at day 0 in exposed fishes and their controls. Physiological response of organ-isms was also indicated to be affected by other environmental stressors during the experiment apart from the investigated metal salts.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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