Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries

Reem Izzeldien; Sondos Ibn Ouf; Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid; Zawahir Abu Elbashar; Mounkaila Noma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries

Reem Izzeldien, Sondos Ibn Ouf, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Zawahir Abu Elbashar, Mounkaila Noma

Published in International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 15 July 2023 Accepted: 21 August 2023 Published: 6 September 2023

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Abstract

Commiphora myrrha, is an ancient plant which exhibits an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect for mouth and it has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial properties in oral health care. This study assessed the impact of C. myrrha on two bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. involved in dental caries. Three samples of Streptococcus mutans bacteria were collected randomly from patients with dental caries in Khartoum dental teaching hospital, while Lactobacillus spp. isolates were obtained from fermented milk. Disc and well diffusion methods were used to test the effect of four concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of Myrrh volatile oil, extracted by hydro-distillation technique. Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin were used as control positive. The phytochemical analysis of C. myrrha oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique. The finding of this study revealed that the four concentrations of essential oil were effective on S. mutans with the largest inhibition zone (18.7± 0.6 mm) through the well diffusion method and inhibition zone of 14.00 mm with disc diffusion method, regardless the two methods; the inhibition zones were recorded at 100 mg/ml, with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at 3.125 mg/ml. On the other hand, Lactobacillus spp. bacteria was found to be sensitive to three concentrations of oil (100, 50 and 25 mg/ml) and resistance to lowest concentration (12.5 mg/ml), the MBC found to be 25 mg/ml. The results of GC-MS revealed the presence of 48 compounds, the highest percentage were; Benzofuran (29.13%) followed by Cyclohexane (19.88%) and 1,3-Diphenyle-1,2-butanediol (15.17%) respectively. Myrrh oil is effective on both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Hence, it is a potential antibacterial product of interest in dental caries.

Published in	International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12
Page(s)	38-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Myrrh, Essential Oil, Cavities, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp.

References

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[3]	Boucher GO. Dental Caries. California medicine. 1951 Feb; 74 (2): 128.
[4]	Tafere Y, Chanie S, Dessie T, Gedamu H. Assessment of prevalence of dental caries and the associated factors among patients attending dental clinic in Debre Tabor general hospital: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMC oral health. 2018 Dec; 18 (1): 119.
[5]	Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiological reviews. 1986 Dec; 50 (4): 353.
[6]	Lemos JA, Palmer SR, Zeng L, et al. The Biology of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Spectr. 2019; 7 (1): 10.
[7]	Caufield PW, Schön CN, Saraithong P, Li Y, Argimón S. Oral lactobacilli and dental caries: a model for niche adaptation in humans. Journal of dental research. 2015 Sep; 94 (9_suppl): 110S-8S.
[8]	Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental health perspectives. 2001 Mar; 109 (suppl 1): 69-75.
[9]	Hanuš LO, Řezanka T, Dembitsky VM, Moussaieff A. Myrrh-commiphora chemistry. Biomedical papers. 2005 Jul 1; 149 (1): 3-28.
[10]	De Rapper S, Van Vuuren SF, Kamatou GP, Viljoen AM, Dagne E. The additive and synergistic antimicrobial effects of select frankincense and myrrh oils–a combination from the pharaonic pharmacopoeia. Letters in applied microbiology. 2012 Apr; 54 (4): 352-8.
[11]	Kumar, Gunjan et al. “Emerging trends of herbal care in dentistry.” Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR vol. 7, 8 (2013): 1827-9. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6339.3282
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[13]	Sambawa Z. M. et al. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy Chlorohexidine Gluconate and Saudi Myrrh Mouthwashes in the Oral Cavity. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 2016, Vol. 32, No. (5): P. 2605-2610.
[14]	Almekhlafi S, Thabit AA, Alwossabi AM, Awadth N, Thabet AA, Algaadari Z. Antimicrobial activity of Yemeni myrrh mouthwash. J Chem Pharm Res. 2014; 6 (5): 1006-13.
[15]	Shin JY, Che DN, Cho BO, Kang HJ, Kim J, Jang SI. Commiphora myrrha inhibits itch associated histamine and IL 31 production in stimulated mast cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2019 Sep 1; 18 (3): 1914-20.
[16]	Al-Jumaily E, AL-Seubehawy HM, Al-Toraihy FA. Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus mutans (H5) produced glucosyltransferase and cell-associated glucosyltransferase isolated from dental caries. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2014; 3 (6): 850-64.
[17]	John Gerald Collee., Mackie and Mccartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Elsevier; 1996.
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[19]	Ahrari F, Eslami N, Rajabi O, Ghazvini K, Barati S. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sangius to colloidal solutions of different nanoparticles applied as mouthwashes. Dental research journal. 2015 Jan; 12 (1): 44.
[20]	Gadir Suad, Ahmed Ibtisam. Commiphora myrrha and commiphora Africana essential oils. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2014. 6. 151-156.

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APA Style

Reem Izzeldien, Sondos Ibn Ouf, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Zawahir Abu Elbashar, Mounkaila Noma. (2023). Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 9(2), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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ACS Style

Reem Izzeldien; Sondos Ibn Ouf; Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid; Zawahir Abu Elbashar; Mounkaila Noma. Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2023, 9(2), 38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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AMA Style

Reem Izzeldien, Sondos Ibn Ouf, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Zawahir Abu Elbashar, Mounkaila Noma. Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. Int J Dent Med. 2023;9(2):38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12,
  author = {Reem Izzeldien and Sondos Ibn Ouf and Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid and Zawahir Abu Elbashar and Mounkaila Noma},
  title = {Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  abstract = {Commiphora myrrha, is an ancient plant which exhibits an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect for mouth and it has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial properties in oral health care. This study assessed the impact of C. myrrha on two bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. involved in dental caries. Three samples of Streptococcus mutans bacteria were collected randomly from patients with dental caries in Khartoum dental teaching hospital, while Lactobacillus spp. isolates were obtained from fermented milk. Disc and well diffusion methods were used to test the effect of four concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of Myrrh volatile oil, extracted by hydro-distillation technique. Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin were used as control positive. The phytochemical analysis of C. myrrha oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique. The finding of this study revealed that the four concentrations of essential oil were effective on S. mutans with the largest inhibition zone (18.7± 0.6 mm) through the well diffusion method and inhibition zone of 14.00 mm with disc diffusion method, regardless the two methods; the inhibition zones were recorded at 100 mg/ml, with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at 3.125 mg/ml. On the other hand, Lactobacillus spp. bacteria was found to be sensitive to three concentrations of oil (100, 50 and 25 mg/ml) and resistance to lowest concentration (12.5 mg/ml), the MBC found to be 25 mg/ml. The results of GC-MS revealed the presence of 48 compounds, the highest percentage were; Benzofuran (29.13%) followed by Cyclohexane (19.88%) and 1,3-Diphenyle-1,2-butanediol (15.17%) respectively. Myrrh oil is effective on both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Hence, it is a potential antibacterial product of interest in dental caries.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries
AU - Reem Izzeldien
AU - Sondos Ibn Ouf
AU - Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid
AU - Zawahir Abu Elbashar
AU - Mounkaila Noma
Y1 - 2023/09/06
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12
T2 - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JF - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JO - International Journal of Dental Medicine
SP - 38
EP - 44
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-1387
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12
AB - Commiphora myrrha, is an ancient plant which exhibits an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect for mouth and it has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial properties in oral health care. This study assessed the impact of C. myrrha on two bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. involved in dental caries. Three samples of Streptococcus mutans bacteria were collected randomly from patients with dental caries in Khartoum dental teaching hospital, while Lactobacillus spp. isolates were obtained from fermented milk. Disc and well diffusion methods were used to test the effect of four concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of Myrrh volatile oil, extracted by hydro-distillation technique. Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin were used as control positive. The phytochemical analysis of C. myrrha oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique. The finding of this study revealed that the four concentrations of essential oil were effective on S. mutans with the largest inhibition zone (18.7± 0.6 mm) through the well diffusion method and inhibition zone of 14.00 mm with disc diffusion method, regardless the two methods; the inhibition zones were recorded at 100 mg/ml, with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at 3.125 mg/ml. On the other hand, Lactobacillus spp. bacteria was found to be sensitive to three concentrations of oil (100, 50 and 25 mg/ml) and resistance to lowest concentration (12.5 mg/ml), the MBC found to be 25 mg/ml. The results of GC-MS revealed the presence of 48 compounds, the highest percentage were; Benzofuran (29.13%) followed by Cyclohexane (19.88%) and 1,3-Diphenyle-1,2-butanediol (15.17%) respectively. Myrrh oil is effective on both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Hence, it is a potential antibacterial product of interest in dental caries.
VL - 9
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Reem Izzeldien

Department of Research Methodology and Biostatistics, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Sondos Ibn Ouf

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Zawahir Abu Elbashar

Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Mounkaila Noma

Department of Research Methodology and Biostatistics, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Reem Izzeldien, Sondos Ibn Ouf, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Zawahir Abu Elbashar, Mounkaila Noma. (2023). Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 9(2), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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ACS Style

Reem Izzeldien; Sondos Ibn Ouf; Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid; Zawahir Abu Elbashar; Mounkaila Noma. Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2023, 9(2), 38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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AMA Style

Reem Izzeldien, Sondos Ibn Ouf, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Zawahir Abu Elbashar, Mounkaila Noma. Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries. Int J Dent Med. 2023;9(2):38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12,
  author = {Reem Izzeldien and Sondos Ibn Ouf and Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid and Zawahir Abu Elbashar and Mounkaila Noma},
  title = {Impact of Commiphora myrrha on Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp.) Related to Dental Caries},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20230902.12},
  abstract = {Commiphora myrrha, is an ancient plant which exhibits an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect for mouth and it has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial properties in oral health care. This study assessed the impact of C. myrrha on two bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. involved in dental caries. Three samples of Streptococcus mutans bacteria were collected randomly from patients with dental caries in Khartoum dental teaching hospital, while Lactobacillus spp. isolates were obtained from fermented milk. Disc and well diffusion methods were used to test the effect of four concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of Myrrh volatile oil, extracted by hydro-distillation technique. Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin were used as control positive. The phytochemical analysis of C. myrrha oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy technique. The finding of this study revealed that the four concentrations of essential oil were effective on S. mutans with the largest inhibition zone (18.7± 0.6 mm) through the well diffusion method and inhibition zone of 14.00 mm with disc diffusion method, regardless the two methods; the inhibition zones were recorded at 100 mg/ml, with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at 3.125 mg/ml. On the other hand, Lactobacillus spp. bacteria was found to be sensitive to three concentrations of oil (100, 50 and 25 mg/ml) and resistance to lowest concentration (12.5 mg/ml), the MBC found to be 25 mg/ml. The results of GC-MS revealed the presence of 48 compounds, the highest percentage were; Benzofuran (29.13%) followed by Cyclohexane (19.88%) and 1,3-Diphenyle-1,2-butanediol (15.17%) respectively. Myrrh oil is effective on both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. Hence, it is a potential antibacterial product of interest in dental caries.},
 year = {2023}
}

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