Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater resources were studied in Fuoni area allocated at West District of Zanzibar Island. In June 2014, water samples were collected from ten groundwater sources for physico-chemical analysis. The chemical parameters include twenty metals (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the dissolved metal concentrations. The levels of total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were also determined using Horiba multi-parameter water quality meter. There was no detection for the levels of Al, Be, Cd, Co, and Mn in all water samples. Notably, the physico-chemical parameters suggest that the groundwaters in this area are generally good for domestic use per World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Nevertheless, 40% of the analyzed water samples had elevated levels of calcium as compared to WHO guideline for calcium. Turbidity levels in majority of water samples were beyond the recommended guideline value. Both Sr/Ni ratio and Li/Ni ratio were greater than 1. Furthermore, four heavy metals namely, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb were used in a multivariate hazard analysis. The hazard analysis aimed at evaluating a potential human health risks associated with water consumption from the study area. The analysis included, heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of metal contamination (Cd), and hazard quotient which yields hazard index (HI). Generally, there was no apparent risk to water consumers from being exposed to studied metals. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness of the quality of drinking water is crucial, hence, the presence of trace and heavy metals in water sources necessitates the need of regular monitory of water sources. Therefore, a good and sustainable management of drinking water quality is an inevitable factor in preventing and controlling of the waterborne diseases.
| Published in | Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 5, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12 |
| Page(s) | 37-46 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hazard Index, Sr/Ni Ratio, Thallium, Fuoni, Zanzibar
| [1] | Adreano AB, Joana S (2007) The quest for safe water: An example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research 41: 2978-2986. |
| [2] | Affum AO, Osae SD, Nyarko BJB, Afful S, Fianko JR, Akiti TT, et al. (2015)Total coliform, arsenic and Cadmium exposure through drinking water in the Western Region of Ghana. Environmental monitoring and assessment: application of multivariate statistical technique to groundwater quality. Environ Monit Assess 187: 1–23. |
| [3] | Asamoah DN, Amorin R (2011) Assessment of the quality of bottled/sachet water in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality (TM) of Ghana. Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol 3:377–385. |
| [4] | Ayni FE, Cherif S, Jrad A, Trabelsi-Ayadi M (2011) Impact of treated wastewater reuse on agriculture and aquifer recharge in a coastal area: Korba casestudy. Water Resour Manage 25: 2251–2265. |
| [5] | Callén E, Di Virgilio M, Kruhlak MJ, Nieto Soler M, Wong N, Chen HT, et al. (2013) 53BP1 mediates productive and mutagenic DNA repair through distinct phosphoprotein interactions. Cell 153: 1266–1280. |
| [6] | Chotpantarat S, Sutthirat C (2011) Different sorption approaches and leachate fluxes affecting on Mn2+ Transport through lateritic aquifer. A J Environ Sci 7: 65–72. |
| [7] | Donahue J. Water (1998) Culture and power: Local struggles in a Global context. Island Press: Washington DC. |
| [8] | Edmund WM, Shand P, Hart P, Ward RS (2003) The natural (baseline) quality of groundwater: a UK pilot study. Sci Total Environ 310: 25–35. |
| [9] | Ghasemi M, Keshtkar AR, Dabbagh R, Jaber Safdari S (2011) Biosorption of uranium in a continuous flow packed bed column using Cystoseira indica biomass. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8: 65–74. |
| [10] | Hynds PD, Thomas MK, Pintar KDM (2014) Contamination of groundwater systems in the US and Canada by Enteric Pathogens, 1990–2013: a review and pooled-analysis. PLoS One 9(5). |
| [11] | Idris AM, Al-Tayeb MAH, Potgieter-Vermaak Sanja S, Van Greken R, Potgieter JH (2007) Assessment of heavy metals pollution in Sudanese harbours along the Red Sea Coast. Microchem J87: 104–112. |
| [12] | Idris AM (2008) Combining multivariate analysis and geochemical approaches for assessing heavy metal. Microchem J 90: 159–163. |
| [13] | Khodabakhshi A, Amin MM, Mozaffari M (2011) Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and evaluation efficiency for arsenic removal from simulated industrial waste water. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8: 189–200. |
| [14] | Marengo E, Gennaro MC, Robotti E, Rossanigo P, Rinaudo C, Roz-Gastaldi M (2006) Investigation of anthropic effects connected with metal ions concentration, organic matter and grain size in Bormida river sediments. Anal Chim Acta 560: 172–183. |
| [15] | McMurry J, Fay RC (2004) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Water. 4th ed. McMurry Fay Chemistry. K. P. Haman New Jersey: Pearson Education. |
| [16] | Mendie U (2005) In the Theory and Practice of Clean Water Production for Domestic and Industrial Use The Nature of Water. Lagos, Lacto-Medals Publishers. |
| [17] | Mohamed AAJ, Ibrahim AR, Lee HL, Hanna M, Mohamed M, Fadilah T, et al. (2016a)Assessment of Groundwater Quality Parameters in Northern Region of Zanzibar Island. J Chemical Eng Bio Chem 1-8. |
| [18] | Mohamed AAJ, Ibrahim AR, Sadri AS, Lee HL (2014)Occurrence Of Arsenic, Lead, Thallium and Beryllium in Groundwater. A J Envir Scie 164-170. |
| [19] | Mohamed AAJ, Sara AK, Haji M, Miza AK, Said SB (2016b) Risk Assessment on Trace Metals in Groundwater and Springs in Urban Environment of Zanzibar Island. Int J Envir Moni Analy 45-55. |
| [20] | Mohamed AAJ, Ibrahim A, Sadri AS, Lee HL, Islam SM (2013) Levels of Hexavalent Chromium, Copper, and Total Hardness in Springs and Underground Water in Zanzibar Island. Asian J App Scie 212-219. |
| [21] | Öztürk M, Özözen G, Minareci O, Minareci E (2009) Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam Lake in Turkey. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng6: 73–80. |
| [22] | Rashed MN (2010). Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals from mine tailings through age accumulation in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt. J Hazard Mater 178: 739–746. |
| [23] | Rattan RK, Datta SP, Chhonkar PK, Suribabu K, Singh AK (2005) Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater: a case study. Agric Ecosyst Environ 109: 310–322. |
| [24] | Taboada-Castro M, Diéguez-Villar A, Rodríguez Luz, Blanco M, Teresa Taboada-Castro M (2012) Agricultural impact of dissolved trace elements in runoff water from an experimental catchment with hand-use changes. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 43: 81–87. |
| [25] | Underwood EJ (1956) Trace elements in humans and animals nutrition. 3rd ed. Academic Press, New York. |
| [26] | USEPA. Human health risk assessment. 2012; Available: http:// www.epa.gov/risk/health-risk.htm (Accessed 5 April 2016) |
| [27] | Vanloon GW, Duffy SJ (2005) The hydrosphere. In: environmental chemistry: a gold perspective. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press: New York. |
| [28] | WHO (2010) Water for health: WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. |
APA Style
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed, Sara A. Khamis, Miza Ali Kombo. (2016). Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 5(3), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12
ACS Style
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed; Sara A. Khamis; Miza Ali Kombo. Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2016, 5(3), 37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12
AMA Style
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed, Sara A. Khamis, Miza Ali Kombo. Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2016;5(3):37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12,
author = {Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed and Sara A. Khamis and Miza Ali Kombo},
title = {Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar},
journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {37-46},
doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20160503.12},
abstract = {Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater resources were studied in Fuoni area allocated at West District of Zanzibar Island. In June 2014, water samples were collected from ten groundwater sources for physico-chemical analysis. The chemical parameters include twenty metals (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the dissolved metal concentrations. The levels of total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were also determined using Horiba multi-parameter water quality meter. There was no detection for the levels of Al, Be, Cd, Co, and Mn in all water samples. Notably, the physico-chemical parameters suggest that the groundwaters in this area are generally good for domestic use per World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Nevertheless, 40% of the analyzed water samples had elevated levels of calcium as compared to WHO guideline for calcium. Turbidity levels in majority of water samples were beyond the recommended guideline value. Both Sr/Ni ratio and Li/Ni ratio were greater than 1. Furthermore, four heavy metals namely, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb were used in a multivariate hazard analysis. The hazard analysis aimed at evaluating a potential human health risks associated with water consumption from the study area. The analysis included, heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of metal contamination (Cd), and hazard quotient which yields hazard index (HI). Generally, there was no apparent risk to water consumers from being exposed to studied metals. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness of the quality of drinking water is crucial, hence, the presence of trace and heavy metals in water sources necessitates the need of regular monitory of water sources. Therefore, a good and sustainable management of drinking water quality is an inevitable factor in preventing and controlling of the waterborne diseases.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar AU - Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed AU - Sara A. Khamis AU - Miza Ali Kombo Y1 - 2016/06/21 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12 DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12 T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.12 AB - Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater resources were studied in Fuoni area allocated at West District of Zanzibar Island. In June 2014, water samples were collected from ten groundwater sources for physico-chemical analysis. The chemical parameters include twenty metals (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the dissolved metal concentrations. The levels of total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were also determined using Horiba multi-parameter water quality meter. There was no detection for the levels of Al, Be, Cd, Co, and Mn in all water samples. Notably, the physico-chemical parameters suggest that the groundwaters in this area are generally good for domestic use per World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Nevertheless, 40% of the analyzed water samples had elevated levels of calcium as compared to WHO guideline for calcium. Turbidity levels in majority of water samples were beyond the recommended guideline value. Both Sr/Ni ratio and Li/Ni ratio were greater than 1. Furthermore, four heavy metals namely, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb were used in a multivariate hazard analysis. The hazard analysis aimed at evaluating a potential human health risks associated with water consumption from the study area. The analysis included, heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of metal contamination (Cd), and hazard quotient which yields hazard index (HI). Generally, there was no apparent risk to water consumers from being exposed to studied metals. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness of the quality of drinking water is crucial, hence, the presence of trace and heavy metals in water sources necessitates the need of regular monitory of water sources. Therefore, a good and sustainable management of drinking water quality is an inevitable factor in preventing and controlling of the waterborne diseases. VL - 5 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: