Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)

Dame Cisse; Birame Ndiaye; Cheikh Tidiane Dione; Ibrahima Diagne; Momar Ndiaye; Maoudo Hane; Sitor Diouf; Mame Mor Dione; Abdoulaye Diop; Maurice Millet

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

Research Article |

Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)

Dame Cisse, Birame Ndiaye^*, Cheikh Tidiane Dione, Ibrahima Diagne, Momar Ndiaye, Maoudo Hane, Sitor Diouf, Mame Mor Dione, Abdoulaye Diop, Maurice Millet

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 20 May 2023 Accepted: 12 June 2023 Published: 22 December 2023

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Abstract

Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The extraction phase with QUECHERS is followed by a purification with DSPE RESTEK salt. This salt is composed of 1.2 g MgSO₄ + 400 mg PSA + 400 mg C18 for the separation of analytes. For GC-MS kiln storage, the temperature gradient is maintained from 50 to 330°C for 40 minutes with different slopes. PCB126 displays the lowest detection and quantification limits of 0.000639 and 0.001917 ng/g, respectively. PCB18 has the highest detection and quantification limits, with values of 0.01504 and 0.04512 ng/g, respectively. The result obtained show that the PCB dioxin likes are more important in sediment. The PCB-DL ranged 5.931 (Hann) to 25.752 µg/Kg (Ngor). The PCBi ranged 2.415 (Hann) to 4.284 µg/Kg (Soumbedioune) at the beach of Hann, the concentration of individual PCB ranged 0.007 (PCB118) to 5.073 µg/Kg (PCB167). At Soumbedioune, the individual PCB levels ranged 0.004 (PCB118) to 5.365 µg/Kg (PCB167) and at Ngor, the variation is 0.005 (PCB118) to 12.29 µg/Kg (PCB167). The analysis of principal components shows that two distinct groups which the same contamination profile whose elements have strong correlations 0.992 for PCB189-PCB101 and PCB189-PCB81.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12
Page(s)	34-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sediment, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dakar Coast, Contamination

References

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[2]	Hadi Chahal (2013). Etude du comportement hydromécanique des sédiments pollués par les PCB en interaction avec les géomatériaux pour un stockage hors site. Thèse, INSA de Lyon, 238p.
[3]	Fatme Merhabi (2019). Contamination par les polluants organiques persistants et émergents une étude de cas: la rivière Kadicha. Sciences de la Terre. Thèse Université Montpellier; Université Libanaise. Faculté de Santé publique, section 3 (Tripoli, Liban), 264p.
[4]	Ministère de l’environnement et de la protection de la nature (Sénégal), Direction de l’environnement et des établissements classes (2005). Plan national de mise en œuvre de la convention de Stockholm sur les polluants organiques persistants. Novembre 2005, 88p.
[5]	United Nations Environnements Programme (2007). Manuel d’échantillonnage et d’analyse des sédiments. UNEP, 26p.
[6]	Markus Zennegg (2016). Mesure de PCB et de Dioxine dans les cours d’eau. Evaluation de l’adéquation de l’analyse sédimentaire et de l’échantillonnage passif en milieu aqueux pour détecter les sources d’émissions. Office Fédéral de l’Environnement Suisse (OFEV), 56p.
[7]	Dima Merhaby, Sopheak Net, Jalal Halwani, Baghdad Ouddane (2015). Organic pollution in surficial sediments of Tripoli harbour, Lebanon. Elsevier, 10p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.004.
[8]	M. G. Pintado-Herrera, C. Wang, J. Lu, Y. Chang, W. Chen, X. Li, P. A. Lara-Martín (2016). Distribution, mass inventories and ecological risk assessment of legacy and emerging contaminants in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in China. J. Hazard Mater. Elsevier, 11p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.046.
[9]	Samara, F., Tsai, C. W., & Aga, D. S. (2006). Determination of potential sources of PCBs and PBDEs in sediments of the Niagara River. Environmental Pollution, 139 (3), 489–497. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.06.001.
[10]	Kanzari, F., Syakti, A. D., Asia, L., Malleret, L., Piram, A., Mille, G., & Doumenq, P. (2014). Distributions and sources of persistent organic pollutants (aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs and pesticides) in surface sediments of an industrialized urban river (Huveaune), France. Science of The Total Environment, 478, 141–151. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.065.
[11]	C. Annicchiarico et al (2011). PCBs, PAHs and metal contamination and quality index in marine sediments of the Taranto Gulf. Chemistry and Ecology Vol. 27, Supplement, 21-32. DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2010.536156.
[12]	Long ER (1998). Effects range low and median, threshold and probable effects levels. Interactive short course on “Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines in the Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sediments”. 18th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 1998, San Francisco, CA; 1998.
[13]	N. Tapie and H. Budzinski (2006). Contamination en polychlorobiphényles (PCB) des anguilles du système fluvio-estuarien de la gironde. Rapport final novembre, 58p.
[14]	Journal Officiel de l’Union Européenne (2011). Règlement (UE) No 1259/2011 de la commission du 2 décembre 2011 modifiant le règlement (CE) no 1881/2006 en ce qui concerne les teneurs maximales en dioxines, en PCB de type dioxine et en PCB autres que ceux de type dioxine des denrées alimentaires, 6p.
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Cisse, D., Ndiaye, B., Dione, C. T., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, M., et al. (2023). Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 11(3), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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ACS Style

Cisse, D.; Ndiaye, B.; Dione, C. T.; Diagne, I.; Ndiaye, M., et al. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2023, 11(3), 34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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AMA Style

Cisse D, Ndiaye B, Dione CT, Diagne I, Ndiaye M, et al. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Sci J Anal Chem. 2023;11(3):34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12,
  author = {Dame Cisse and Birame Ndiaye and Cheikh Tidiane Dione and Ibrahima Diagne and Momar Ndiaye and Maoudo Hane and Sitor Diouf and Mame Mor Dione and Abdoulaye Diop and Maurice Millet},
  title = {Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20231103.12},
  abstract = {Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The extraction phase with QUECHERS is followed by a purification with DSPE RESTEK salt. This salt is composed of 1.2 g MgSO4 + 400 mg PSA + 400 mg C18 for the separation of analytes. For GC-MS kiln storage, the temperature gradient is maintained from 50 to 330°C for 40 minutes with different slopes. PCB126 displays the lowest detection and quantification limits of 0.000639 and 0.001917 ng/g, respectively. PCB18 has the highest detection and quantification limits, with values of 0.01504 and 0.04512 ng/g, respectively. The result obtained show that the PCB dioxin likes are more important in sediment. The PCB-DL ranged 5.931 (Hann) to 25.752 µg/Kg (Ngor). The PCBi ranged 2.415 (Hann) to 4.284 µg/Kg (Soumbedioune) at the beach of Hann, the concentration of individual PCB ranged 0.007 (PCB118) to 5.073 µg/Kg (PCB167). At Soumbedioune, the individual PCB levels ranged 0.004 (PCB118) to 5.365 µg/Kg (PCB167) and at Ngor, the variation is 0.005 (PCB118) to 12.29 µg/Kg (PCB167). The analysis of principal components shows that two distinct groups which the same contamination profile whose elements have strong correlations 0.992 for PCB189-PCB101 and PCB189-PCB81.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)
AU - Dame Cisse
AU - Birame Ndiaye
AU - Cheikh Tidiane Dione
AU - Ibrahima Diagne
AU - Momar Ndiaye
AU - Maoudo Hane
AU - Sitor Diouf
AU - Mame Mor Dione
AU - Abdoulaye Diop
AU - Maurice Millet
Y1 - 2023/12/22
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12
DO - 10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12
T2 - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP - 34
EP - 39
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2376-8053
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12
AB - Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The extraction phase with QUECHERS is followed by a purification with DSPE RESTEK salt. This salt is composed of 1.2 g MgSO4 + 400 mg PSA + 400 mg C18 for the separation of analytes. For GC-MS kiln storage, the temperature gradient is maintained from 50 to 330°C for 40 minutes with different slopes. PCB126 displays the lowest detection and quantification limits of 0.000639 and 0.001917 ng/g, respectively. PCB18 has the highest detection and quantification limits, with values of 0.01504 and 0.04512 ng/g, respectively. The result obtained show that the PCB dioxin likes are more important in sediment. The PCB-DL ranged 5.931 (Hann) to 25.752 µg/Kg (Ngor). The PCBi ranged 2.415 (Hann) to 4.284 µg/Kg (Soumbedioune) at the beach of Hann, the concentration of individual PCB ranged 0.007 (PCB118) to 5.073 µg/Kg (PCB167). At Soumbedioune, the individual PCB levels ranged 0.004 (PCB118) to 5.365 µg/Kg (PCB167) and at Ngor, the variation is 0.005 (PCB118) to 12.29 µg/Kg (PCB167). The analysis of principal components shows that two distinct groups which the same contamination profile whose elements have strong correlations 0.992 for PCB189-PCB101 and PCB189-PCB81.

VL - 11
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Dame Cisse

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Birame Ndiaye

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal

Contact Email
Cheikh Tidiane Dione

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Ibrahima Diagne

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Momar Ndiaye

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Maoudo Hane

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Sitor Diouf

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Mame Mor Dione

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Abdoulaye Diop

Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis (LCPOAE)-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Maurice Millet

Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

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Cisse, D., Ndiaye, B., Dione, C. T., Diagne, I., Ndiaye, M., et al. (2023). Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 11(3), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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ACS Style

Cisse, D.; Ndiaye, B.; Dione, C. T.; Diagne, I.; Ndiaye, M., et al. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2023, 11(3), 34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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AMA Style

Cisse D, Ndiaye B, Dione CT, Diagne I, Ndiaye M, et al. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal). Sci J Anal Chem. 2023;11(3):34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12,
  author = {Dame Cisse and Birame Ndiaye and Cheikh Tidiane Dione and Ibrahima Diagne and Momar Ndiaye and Maoudo Hane and Sitor Diouf and Mame Mor Dione and Abdoulaye Diop and Maurice Millet},
  title = {Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content in Surface Sediments from Dakar Coast (Senegal)},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20231103.12},
  abstract = {Surface sediments proceeding from the coast of Dakar (Senegal) were analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the contamination of polychlorinated (PCB). After weighing, each mass is placed in a centrifugal tube with 10 ml of acetonitrile solvent solution (ACN) to separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase. The extraction phase with QUECHERS is followed by a purification with DSPE RESTEK salt. This salt is composed of 1.2 g MgSO4 + 400 mg PSA + 400 mg C18 for the separation of analytes. For GC-MS kiln storage, the temperature gradient is maintained from 50 to 330°C for 40 minutes with different slopes. PCB126 displays the lowest detection and quantification limits of 0.000639 and 0.001917 ng/g, respectively. PCB18 has the highest detection and quantification limits, with values of 0.01504 and 0.04512 ng/g, respectively. The result obtained show that the PCB dioxin likes are more important in sediment. The PCB-DL ranged 5.931 (Hann) to 25.752 µg/Kg (Ngor). The PCBi ranged 2.415 (Hann) to 4.284 µg/Kg (Soumbedioune) at the beach of Hann, the concentration of individual PCB ranged 0.007 (PCB118) to 5.073 µg/Kg (PCB167). At Soumbedioune, the individual PCB levels ranged 0.004 (PCB118) to 5.365 µg/Kg (PCB167) and at Ngor, the variation is 0.005 (PCB118) to 12.29 µg/Kg (PCB167). The analysis of principal components shows that two distinct groups which the same contamination profile whose elements have strong correlations 0.992 for PCB189-PCB101 and PCB189-PCB81.
},
 year = {2023}
}

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VL - 11
IS - 3
ER -

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