Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant bacteria that causes serious infections and withstands common antibiotics. It spreads in both hospitals and communities, making it a persistent and dangerous global health threat. Data on its prevalence and drivers in wound infections in Ethiopia, specially in the Sidama region, is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and risk factors of MRSA isolated from wound infections. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Adare General Hospitals from June to July 2024. A total of 246 participants with wound infections were enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique. Wound swabs were collected and processed for S. aureus following standard microbiological procedures. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin disk diffusion. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and analyzed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with MRSA. Results: Out of 246 participants, 76 (30.9%) were positive for S. aureus. The overall prevalence of MRSA was 4.9% (12/246). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid but showed high resistance to penicillin (100%), clindamycin (66.7%), and erythromycin (50.0%). In the multivariable analysis, male gender (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.08–3.46), age 31–45 years (AOR = 31.67, 95% CI: 3.26–307.16), rural residence (AOR = 9.11, 95% CI: 1.16–71.70), and deep wound infection (AOR = 28.53, 95% CI: 3.47–234.81) were identified as independent predictors of MRSA. Conclusions: This study reveals a notable prevalence of MRSA in wound infections, with several modifiable risk factors. These findings underscore the urgent need for reinforced infection prevention and control strategies, including targeted antimicrobial stewardship and robust surveillance systems, to curb the spread of MRSA in our healthcare settings.
| Published in | Medicine and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16 |
| Page(s) | 55-60 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
MRSA, Wound Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance, Risk Factors, Ethiopia, Infection Control
| [1] | Turner NA, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Maskarinec SA, Eichenberger EM, Shah PP, Carugati M, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17(4): 203-18. |
| [2] | Lee AS, de Lencastre H, Garau J, Kluytmans J, Malhotra-Kumar S, Peschel A, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018; 4: 18033. |
| [3] | Cosgrove SE, Qi Y, Kaye KS, Harbarth S, Karchmer AW, Carmeli Y. The impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes: mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005; 26(2): 166-74. |
| [4] | Murray CJL, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Aguilar GR, Gray A, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022; 399(10325): 629-55. |
| [5] | Eshetie S, Tarekegn F, Moges F, Amsalu A, Birhan W, Huruy K. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 682. |
| [6] | Belete MA, Gedefie A, Alemayehu E, Debash H, Mohammed O, Gebretsadik D, et al. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023; 22(1): 86. |
| [7] | Cong Y, Yang S, Rao X. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of case updating and clinical features. J Adv Res. 2020; 21: 169-76. |
| [8] | Mama M, Aklilu A, Misgna K, Tadesse M, Alemayehu E. Methicillin‐ and inducible clindamycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with wound infection attending Arba Minch hospital, South Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2019; 2019: 2965490. |
| [9] | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2020. |
| [10] | Auna AJ. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Wards, Operating Room and Post-Operative Wound Infections Among Patients Attending Mama Lucy Hospital, Kenya [Master's Thesis]. Kenyatta University; 2021. |
| [11] | Mushi MF, Mshana SE, Imirzalioglu C, Bwanga F. Carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. Biomed Res Int. 2014: 303104. |
| [12] | Percival SL, Suleman L, Vuotto C, Donelli G. Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: risk, tolerance and control. J Med Microbiol. 2015; 64(Pt 4): 323-34. |
| [13] | Malone M, Bjarnsholt T, McBain AJ, James GA, Stoodley P, Leaper D, et al. The prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. J Wound Care. 2017; 26(1): 20-5. |
| [14] | Gebretekle GB, Haile Mariam D, Abebe W, Amenu D, Teklu T, Taye B, et al. Opportunities and barriers to implementing antibiotic stewardship in low and middle-income countries: Lessons from a mixed-methods study in a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2018; 13(12): e0208447. |
| [15] | Tefera S, Awoke T, Mekonnen D. Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Factors from Surgical Ward Inpatients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. 2021; 14: 3053-3062. |
| [16] | Tsige Y, Tadesse S, G/Eyesus T, Tefera MM, Amsalu A, Menberu MA, Gelaw B. Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Risk Factors among Patients with Wound Infection at Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. J Pathog. 2020 May 24; 2020: 3168325. |
APA Style
Tabour, A. R., Zemede, T., Seman, B. (2026). Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Wound Infections at Two Hospitals in Sidama, Ethiopia. Medicine and Life Sciences, 1(1), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16
ACS Style
Tabour, A. R.; Zemede, T.; Seman, B. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Wound Infections at Two Hospitals in Sidama, Ethiopia. Med. Life Sci. 2026, 1(1), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16,
author = {Asegid Regas Tabour and Tenaye Zemede and Busera Seman},
title = {Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Wound Infections at Two Hospitals in Sidama, Ethiopia},
journal = {Medicine and Life Sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {55-60},
doi = {10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mls.20250101.16},
abstract = {Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant bacteria that causes serious infections and withstands common antibiotics. It spreads in both hospitals and communities, making it a persistent and dangerous global health threat. Data on its prevalence and drivers in wound infections in Ethiopia, specially in the Sidama region, is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and risk factors of MRSA isolated from wound infections. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Adare General Hospitals from June to July 2024. A total of 246 participants with wound infections were enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique. Wound swabs were collected and processed for S. aureus following standard microbiological procedures. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin disk diffusion. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and analyzed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with MRSA. Results: Out of 246 participants, 76 (30.9%) were positive for S. aureus. The overall prevalence of MRSA was 4.9% (12/246). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid but showed high resistance to penicillin (100%), clindamycin (66.7%), and erythromycin (50.0%). In the multivariable analysis, male gender (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.08–3.46), age 31–45 years (AOR = 31.67, 95% CI: 3.26–307.16), rural residence (AOR = 9.11, 95% CI: 1.16–71.70), and deep wound infection (AOR = 28.53, 95% CI: 3.47–234.81) were identified as independent predictors of MRSA. Conclusions: This study reveals a notable prevalence of MRSA in wound infections, with several modifiable risk factors. These findings underscore the urgent need for reinforced infection prevention and control strategies, including targeted antimicrobial stewardship and robust surveillance systems, to curb the spread of MRSA in our healthcare settings.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Wound Infections at Two Hospitals in Sidama, Ethiopia AU - Asegid Regas Tabour AU - Tenaye Zemede AU - Busera Seman Y1 - 2026/01/31 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16 DO - 10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16 T2 - Medicine and Life Sciences JF - Medicine and Life Sciences JO - Medicine and Life Sciences SP - 55 EP - 60 PB - Science Publishing Group UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mls.20250101.16 AB - Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant bacteria that causes serious infections and withstands common antibiotics. It spreads in both hospitals and communities, making it a persistent and dangerous global health threat. Data on its prevalence and drivers in wound infections in Ethiopia, specially in the Sidama region, is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and risk factors of MRSA isolated from wound infections. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Adare General Hospitals from June to July 2024. A total of 246 participants with wound infections were enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique. Wound swabs were collected and processed for S. aureus following standard microbiological procedures. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin disk diffusion. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and analyzed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with MRSA. Results: Out of 246 participants, 76 (30.9%) were positive for S. aureus. The overall prevalence of MRSA was 4.9% (12/246). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid but showed high resistance to penicillin (100%), clindamycin (66.7%), and erythromycin (50.0%). In the multivariable analysis, male gender (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.08–3.46), age 31–45 years (AOR = 31.67, 95% CI: 3.26–307.16), rural residence (AOR = 9.11, 95% CI: 1.16–71.70), and deep wound infection (AOR = 28.53, 95% CI: 3.47–234.81) were identified as independent predictors of MRSA. Conclusions: This study reveals a notable prevalence of MRSA in wound infections, with several modifiable risk factors. These findings underscore the urgent need for reinforced infection prevention and control strategies, including targeted antimicrobial stewardship and robust surveillance systems, to curb the spread of MRSA in our healthcare settings. VL - 1 IS - 1 ER -
Wonsho Woreda Health Office, Hawassa, Ethiopia
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Information