Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of <i>Tetrapleura Tetraptera </i>Fruits

Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam; Friday Obinwa Uhegbu; Chinyere Godwin Chinyere

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits

Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam^*

, Friday Obinwa Uhegbu

, Chinyere Godwin Chinyere

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 25 November 2025 Accepted: 29 December 2025 Published: 23 October 2026

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Abstract

The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 14 days on haematological profile of female Albino rats was investigated. Female albino rats weighing 90g-125g were grouped into four (1-4) such that animals in group 1 received 0.5 ml of normal saline as a placebo while those in groups 2, 3, and 4 received same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponins (3.87%), phytosterols (9.89%), tannins (2.34%), phenols (7.08%), flavonoids (13.11%), cardiac glycosides (2.48%), terpenoids (8.92%) while alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In contrast, the levels of Total White Blood Cell (TWBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly altered (p<0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of the animals without any significant alteration in their levels. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 14 days selectively and mildly altered the levels of haematological parameters in the experimental animals.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
Page(s)	41-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tetrapleura Tetraptera, Fabaceae, Phytochemicals, Haematopoiesis, Medicinal Plant

References

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Onwuegbuchulam, C. H., Uhegbu, F. O., Chinyere, C. G. (2026). Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 12(4), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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ACS Style

Onwuegbuchulam, C. H.; Uhegbu, F. O.; Chinyere, C. G. Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2026, 12(4), 41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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AMA Style

Onwuegbuchulam CH, Uhegbu FO, Chinyere CG. Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. Int J Pharm Chem. 2026;12(4):41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11,
  author = {Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam and Friday Obinwa Uhegbu and Chinyere Godwin Chinyere},
  title = {Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  abstract = {The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 14 days on haematological profile of female Albino rats was investigated. Female albino rats weighing 90g-125g were grouped into four (1-4) such that animals in group 1 received 0.5 ml of normal saline as a placebo while those in groups 2, 3, and 4 received same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponins (3.87%), phytosterols (9.89%), tannins (2.34%), phenols (7.08%), flavonoids (13.11%), cardiac glycosides (2.48%), terpenoids (8.92%) while alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In contrast, the levels of Total White Blood Cell (TWBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly altered (p<0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of the animals without any significant alteration in their levels. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 14 days selectively and mildly altered the levels of haematological parameters in the experimental animals.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits
AU  - Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam
AU  - Friday Obinwa Uhegbu
AU  - Chinyere Godwin Chinyere
Y1  - 2026/10/23
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
AB  - The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 14 days on haematological profile of female Albino rats was investigated. Female albino rats weighing 90g-125g were grouped into four (1-4) such that animals in group 1 received 0.5 ml of normal saline as a placebo while those in groups 2, 3, and 4 received same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponins (3.87%), phytosterols (9.89%), tannins (2.34%), phenols (7.08%), flavonoids (13.11%), cardiac glycosides (2.48%), terpenoids (8.92%) while alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In contrast, the levels of Total White Blood Cell (TWBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly altered (p<0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of the animals without any significant alteration in their levels. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 14 days selectively and mildly altered the levels of haematological parameters in the experimental animals.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam

Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University Uturu, Uturu, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1956-3961
Friday Obinwa Uhegbu

Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University Uturu, Uturu, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1708-6189
Chinyere Godwin Chinyere

Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University Uturu, Uturu, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-7115

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APA Style

Onwuegbuchulam, C. H., Uhegbu, F. O., Chinyere, C. G. (2026). Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 12(4), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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ACS Style

Onwuegbuchulam, C. H.; Uhegbu, F. O.; Chinyere, C. G. Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2026, 12(4), 41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

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AMA Style

Onwuegbuchulam CH, Uhegbu FO, Chinyere CG. Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits. Int J Pharm Chem. 2026;12(4):41-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11,
  author = {Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam and Friday Obinwa Uhegbu and Chinyere Godwin Chinyere},
  title = {Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20261204.11},
  abstract = {The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 14 days on haematological profile of female Albino rats was investigated. Female albino rats weighing 90g-125g were grouped into four (1-4) such that animals in group 1 received 0.5 ml of normal saline as a placebo while those in groups 2, 3, and 4 received same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponins (3.87%), phytosterols (9.89%), tannins (2.34%), phenols (7.08%), flavonoids (13.11%), cardiac glycosides (2.48%), terpenoids (8.92%) while alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In contrast, the levels of Total White Blood Cell (TWBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly altered (p<0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of the animals without any significant alteration in their levels. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 14 days selectively and mildly altered the levels of haematological parameters in the experimental animals.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Phytochemical Constituents and Haematological Profile of Female Rats Following Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruits
AU  - Chibuzo Henry Onwuegbuchulam
AU  - Friday Obinwa Uhegbu
AU  - Chinyere Godwin Chinyere
Y1  - 2026/10/23
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 41
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20261204.11
AB  - The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 14 days on haematological profile of female Albino rats was investigated. Female albino rats weighing 90g-125g were grouped into four (1-4) such that animals in group 1 received 0.5 ml of normal saline as a placebo while those in groups 2, 3, and 4 received same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponins (3.87%), phytosterols (9.89%), tannins (2.34%), phenols (7.08%), flavonoids (13.11%), cardiac glycosides (2.48%), terpenoids (8.92%) while alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). In contrast, the levels of Total White Blood Cell (TWBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet (PLT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly altered (p<0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of the animals without any significant alteration in their levels. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of T. tetraptera fruits at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 14 days selectively and mildly altered the levels of haematological parameters in the experimental animals.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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