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Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth

Received: 9 December 2025     Accepted: 20 December 2025     Published: 2 February 2026
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Abstract

This study investigates the role of financial literacy as a key driver of financial inclusion and behavioral empowerment among Ukrainian youth in the context of digital transformation and post-crisis economic recovery. Based on a large-scale survey of 948 respondents aged 18–25, the research employs an integrated methodological framework that combines index modeling, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression. Financial literacy is operationalized through a composite index constructed in accordance with the OECD/INFE methodology, incorporating financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes. The results indicate a moderate overall level of financial literacy among Ukrainian youth, with an average index value of 0.591 on a normalized scale of 0–1. While theoretical financial knowledge demonstrates relatively stronger performance, practical financial behavior and attitudinal confidence remain comparatively weaker, revealing a persistent behavioral gap between awareness and action. Correlation analysis confirms strong internal consistency within the knowledge and behavior components, but only limited spillover from knowledge to real financial practices. Regression estimates reveal that self-confidence in personal financial knowledge is the only statistically significant predictor of financial inclusion (β = 0.0529, p < 0.01), whereas age, formal education, budgeting horizon, and financial independence exhibit no robust explanatory power. This finding highlights the decisive role of psychological factors in shaping financial behavior beyond formal human capital characteristics. The findings confirm that financial literacy influences financial inclusion not primarily through formal knowledge or education, but through psychological confidence and subjective financial capability. Access to financial services alone is insufficient without behavioral readiness and autonomy in decision-making. The study provides empirical evidence that confidence-oriented financial education, combined with digital financial infrastructure, is crucial for promoting sustainable financial inclusion among young people. These findings carry important implications for public policy in post-war and transition economies, emphasizing the need for integrated national strategies that link education, digitalization, and behavioral empowerment.

Published in International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 14, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15
Page(s) 58-68
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, Financial Behavior, Index Modeling, Economic Empowerment, Financial Capability

References
[1] Bilous I. I. Financial literacy as the basis for ensuring the financial security of households, Collection of scientific papers LOGOS. 2020, 59-62.
[2] OECD. Financial Inclusion and Consumer Empowerment in the Digital Age. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2020. Available from:
[3] World Bank. 2025, January 27. Financial inclusion overview. The World Bank.
[4] G20. High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion. Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion. 2016. Available from:
[5] National Bank of Ukraine. (2023). National Strategy for Financial Literacy Development until 2030. Available from:
[6] Mandal, B. K., Kumari, S., & Das, P. Impact of government-led saving initiative on women empowerment and financial inclusion in rural population: evidence from Amar Bari Amar Khamar (ABK) project in Bangladesh, Lex localis-journal of local self-governmen, Vol. 23, NS3 (2025)
[7] Prihatiningsih, P., & Pradana, M. R. A. Gen Z crypto investment: The role of FOMO, influencer, return, and financial literacy, Indonesian Journal of Banking and Financial Technology. 2025.
[8] Mubarokah, S., Sari, P. P., & Kusumawardhani, R. (2024). The Influence of Digital Financial Literacy on Saving Behavior Among Gen Z in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Economics, Business, Accounting, and Management (IJEBAM), 2(5), 39-47.
[9] World Bank. Financial Inclusion. Financial inclusion is a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity.
[10] United Nations. Take Action for the Sustainable Development Goals. Available from:
[11] Setiawati, N. T. and Primadineska, R. W. Financial Behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia: Impact of Literacy, Technology and Lifestyle, Telaah Bisnis. 2025, 2 6, 55-68.
[12] Tkachuk, N., Novosad, O. Formation of the key competence “entrepreneurship and financial literacy” in the educational process in geography, Scientific Notes of Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsyubinsky. Series: Theory and Methods of Teaching Natural Sciences. 2024, 7, 22-31.
[13] Yevtushenko, N., Stetsenko, D. Financial Inclusion in Ukraine: Current Status and Prospects for Development, Grail of Science. 18 Jun. 2024, 40, 136-140.
[14] Krupka, M., Zamaslo, O., Petyk, M., Diuh, I. Financial Sustainability of Local Budgets in Ukraine in the Context of Financial Inclusion and Post-War Economic Recovery, World of Finance. 2025, 3(84), 08-23.
[15] Vidiati, C., Nursindi, M. The Role of Digital Islamic Economics in Increasing Financial Inclusion in the Fintech Era, Advances in Social Humanities Research. 2024, 2(12), 2279-2289.
[16] OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy. Available from:
[17] OECD/INFE 2018 Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion. Available from:
[18] Linge, A. A., Kakde, B. B., & Jiwani, A. (2025). Factors Affecting Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior of Working Young Adults in India, Indian Journal of Finance. 2025, 19(11), 41-64.
[19] Rahmawati, D., Sutanto, M. R., & Hartono, Y. Self-efficacy and Financial Decision Making in Young Adults, Journal of Financial Education and Development. 2024, 10(1), 67-83.
[20] Shahen, A. M., & Sharaf, M. F. The role of digital payment technologies in promoting financial inclusion: A systematic literature review, FinTech. 2025, 4(4), Article 59.
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  • APA Style

    Rudevska, V., Ukhanova, K. (2026). Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 14(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15

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    ACS Style

    Rudevska, V.; Ukhanova, K. Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2026, 14(1), 58-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15

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    AMA Style

    Rudevska V, Ukhanova K. Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2026;14(1):58-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15,
      author = {Viktoriia Rudevska and Kateryna Ukhanova},
      title = {Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth},
      journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
      volume = {14},
      number = {1},
      pages = {58-68},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20261401.15},
      abstract = {This study investigates the role of financial literacy as a key driver of financial inclusion and behavioral empowerment among Ukrainian youth in the context of digital transformation and post-crisis economic recovery. Based on a large-scale survey of 948 respondents aged 18–25, the research employs an integrated methodological framework that combines index modeling, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression. Financial literacy is operationalized through a composite index constructed in accordance with the OECD/INFE methodology, incorporating financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes. The results indicate a moderate overall level of financial literacy among Ukrainian youth, with an average index value of 0.591 on a normalized scale of 0–1. While theoretical financial knowledge demonstrates relatively stronger performance, practical financial behavior and attitudinal confidence remain comparatively weaker, revealing a persistent behavioral gap between awareness and action. Correlation analysis confirms strong internal consistency within the knowledge and behavior components, but only limited spillover from knowledge to real financial practices. Regression estimates reveal that self-confidence in personal financial knowledge is the only statistically significant predictor of financial inclusion (β = 0.0529, p < 0.01), whereas age, formal education, budgeting horizon, and financial independence exhibit no robust explanatory power. This finding highlights the decisive role of psychological factors in shaping financial behavior beyond formal human capital characteristics. The findings confirm that financial literacy influences financial inclusion not primarily through formal knowledge or education, but through psychological confidence and subjective financial capability. Access to financial services alone is insufficient without behavioral readiness and autonomy in decision-making. The study provides empirical evidence that confidence-oriented financial education, combined with digital financial infrastructure, is crucial for promoting sustainable financial inclusion among young people. These findings carry important implications for public policy in post-war and transition economies, emphasizing the need for integrated national strategies that link education, digitalization, and behavioral empowerment.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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    T1  - Financial Literacy as a Driver of Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment: Empirical Evidence from Ukrainian Youth
    AU  - Viktoriia Rudevska
    AU  - Kateryna Ukhanova
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    JF  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20261401.15
    AB  - This study investigates the role of financial literacy as a key driver of financial inclusion and behavioral empowerment among Ukrainian youth in the context of digital transformation and post-crisis economic recovery. Based on a large-scale survey of 948 respondents aged 18–25, the research employs an integrated methodological framework that combines index modeling, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression. Financial literacy is operationalized through a composite index constructed in accordance with the OECD/INFE methodology, incorporating financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes. The results indicate a moderate overall level of financial literacy among Ukrainian youth, with an average index value of 0.591 on a normalized scale of 0–1. While theoretical financial knowledge demonstrates relatively stronger performance, practical financial behavior and attitudinal confidence remain comparatively weaker, revealing a persistent behavioral gap between awareness and action. Correlation analysis confirms strong internal consistency within the knowledge and behavior components, but only limited spillover from knowledge to real financial practices. Regression estimates reveal that self-confidence in personal financial knowledge is the only statistically significant predictor of financial inclusion (β = 0.0529, p < 0.01), whereas age, formal education, budgeting horizon, and financial independence exhibit no robust explanatory power. This finding highlights the decisive role of psychological factors in shaping financial behavior beyond formal human capital characteristics. The findings confirm that financial literacy influences financial inclusion not primarily through formal knowledge or education, but through psychological confidence and subjective financial capability. Access to financial services alone is insufficient without behavioral readiness and autonomy in decision-making. The study provides empirical evidence that confidence-oriented financial education, combined with digital financial infrastructure, is crucial for promoting sustainable financial inclusion among young people. These findings carry important implications for public policy in post-war and transition economies, emphasizing the need for integrated national strategies that link education, digitalization, and behavioral empowerment.
    VL  - 14
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