Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative

Julio Garay; Thomas Brennan; Dori Bon

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative

Julio Garay, Thomas Brennan, Dori Bon

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 31 October 2019 Accepted: 20 November 2019 Published: 9 June 2020

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Abstract

Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
Page(s)	13-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Essential Oils, Antibiotic, Insecticide, Agriculture, Food, Crops, Sustainability, Fertilizers, Botanicals, Pesticides, Secondary Metabolites, Terpenes

References

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Julio Garay, Thomas Brennan, Dori Bon. (2020). Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 5(2), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Julio Garay; Thomas Brennan; Dori Bon. Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2020, 5(2), 13-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Julio Garay, Thomas Brennan, Dori Bon. Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2020;5(2):13-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11,
  author = {Julio Garay and Thomas Brennan and Dori Bon},
  title = {Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20200502.11},
  abstract = {Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative
AU  - Julio Garay
AU  - Thomas Brennan
AU  - Dori Bon
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 13
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
AB  - Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.
VL  - 5
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Author Information

Julio Garay

Department of Chemistry, Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, New York City, USA
Thomas Brennan

Department of Chemistry, Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, New York City, USA
Dori Bon

Grow for Change Organization, Brooksville FL, USA

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Julio Garay, Thomas Brennan, Dori Bon. (2020). Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 5(2), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Julio Garay; Thomas Brennan; Dori Bon. Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2020, 5(2), 13-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Julio Garay, Thomas Brennan, Dori Bon. Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2020;5(2):13-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11,
  author = {Julio Garay and Thomas Brennan and Dori Bon},
  title = {Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20200502.11},
  abstract = {Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review: Essential Oils A Viable Pest Control Alternative
AU  - Julio Garay
AU  - Thomas Brennan
AU  - Dori Bon
Y1  - 2020/06/09
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 13
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.11
AB  - Indiscriminate use of pesticides is troublesome in our environment, creating toxic soils, groundwater, ponds and lakes, and oceans. Application of chemical pest control results in the death of many insects. These toxic chemicals interrupt entire ecosystems, causing havoc on pollinators such as bees and other beneficial insects, birds and animals as well as humans. It has been estimated that about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year, and that the worldwide damage caused by pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. This paper summarizes the results found in the scientific literature and highlights the fact that secondary metabolites of plants are involved in the interaction with other species, primarily in the defense response of plants against pests. These secondary metabolites sometimes called botanicals represent a huge reservoir of chemical structures with pesticidal activity largely underutilized in modern times compared to the industrial scale seen with chemical pesticides. There are several advantages of botanical pesticides including fast degradation by sunlight and moisture or by detoxifying enzymes. The target-specific nature and lower phytotoxicity of these botanicals have prompted researchers to investigate more in depth the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship of these botanicals in order to evaluate their potential as a viable pest management system. Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, which include phenols, terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and their glycosides. This variety of active compounds plays a significant role in the defense mechanisms of plants, and potentially offers a more sustainable platform to develop structural prototypes in order to identify lead molecules/products that can eventually serve as new environmentally friendly pest control agents. Alternative green methods of pest control are found in essential oils as single or multi component preparations. The positive results in repellency and killing of predatory insects proved to be both safe and biodegradable and have a broad spectrum of applications with no re-entry time. Essential oil pest controls are widely used in organic pest management practices globally, and the emerging market reflects steady growth in agriculture, home and garden, equine, livestock, turf, pets and more. Moreover, new fields of business, research and development for understanding the complexities of plant-based oils and their benefits can be created.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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