Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect

Mohammed Mohammed Said; Abdelrahem Dohina; Lotfy Hassan Rabie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect

Mohammed Mohammed Said, Abdelrahem Dohina, Lotfy Hassan Rabie

Published in Fluid Mechanics (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 7 June 2017 Accepted: 19 June 2017 Published: 16 August 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

High pressure drop generated by a restriction orifice may result in a very low temperature, which can affect the piping material and may cause catastrophic piping failure if the operating temperature becomes lower than the minimum design temperature. This minimum design temperature is stated by piping ASME B31.3 code as -48°C. In such piping research branch, there has been relatively little investigation of very low temperature effect on pipelines. As well as, sizing the orifice with implementing temperature control to match piping material has a few analytical explanations, particularly in investigating the influence of Joule - Thomson effect on piping damage. Most commercial orifice sizing software ignore Joule - Thomson effect even though in choked flow condition. The objective of the present research is to compare a derived analytical equation with 3-D computational calculations by using ANSYS 16.0 for Joule - Thomson temperature drop through the orifice. As well as correlate the analytical equation to be safely considered as a good prediction tool for the lowest temperature at orifice throat instead of misleading ISO 5761 fully developed Joule - Thomson temperature drop. The analytical equation correlation has been carried out based on non-linear regression by grouping flow conditions, fluid properties, and orifice geometry, for minimum temperature prediction at orifice Vena-contracta. The numerical temperature differences in the fully developed flow regime after the office have been compared with EN ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop equation. Three orifices with β ratios, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been chosen for such study and numerical simulations have be carried out using k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. As a corollary of this study, it was concluded that the k-ε and k-ω models predict well both the flow and the fully developed temperature drop as compared with ISO 5761 equations. The errors are generally accepted at all conditions and both values give good agreement. The derived equation successfully predicts the lowest minimum temperature at Vena-contracta and can supersede ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop at fully devolved region.

Published in	Fluid Mechanics (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
Page(s)	33-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ANSYS 16.0, ISO 5761, Joule-Thomson Coefficient, Low Temperature Material, Orifice, Turbulence

References

[1]	Siba, M., Wanmahmood, W., Zakinuawi, M., Rasani, R., and Nassir, M., 2016, “Flow-Induced Vibration in Pipes: Challengess and Solutions - a Review,” Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 11 (3) pp. 362 - 382.
[2]	Ammar, Z., Abdewahid, A., Faiza, S., Abdelkader, M., and Dr. Barry, J. A., 2016, “Pressure Drop through Orifices for Single-and Two-Phase Vertically Upward Flow-Implication for Metering,” ASME The Journal of Fluids Engineering.
[3]	Jacob, T., 2015, “Cfd Analysis of Temperature Development Due to Flow Restriction in Pipeline,” Master Thesis, Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger
[4]	Maric', I., 2005, “The Joule-Thomson Effect in Natural Gas Flow-Rate Measurements,” Flow Measuremnt and Instrumentaion 16 pp. 387-395.
[5]	Maric', I., 2007, “A Procedure for the Calculation of the Natural Gas Heat Capacity, the Isentropic Exponent, and the Joule-Thomson Coefficient,” Flow Measuremnt and Instrumentaion 18 pp. 18-26.
[6]	Maric', I., and Ivec, I., 2007, “Natural Gas Properties and Flow Computation,” Natural Gas, 29 pp. 501-529.
[7]	Lam, C. K. G., and Bremhorst, K. A., 1981, “Modified Form of Model for Prediction Wall Turbulence,” ASME Journal of Fluids of Engineering, 103 pp. 456-460.
[8]	BS EN ISO, “Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running Full — Part 1: General Principles and Requirements,” BS EN ISO 5167-1: 2003.
[9]	Martin, A. G., Diego, O. O., Ivan, D. M., Hugo, Y. A., James, C. H., Kenneth, R. H., and Gustavo, A. I., 2013, “A Formulation for Flow Rate of a Fluid Passing through an Orifice Plate from the First Law of Thermodynamics,” Flow Measuremnt and Instrumentaion, 33 pp. 197-201.
[10]	Manish, S. S., Jyeshtharaj, B. J., Avtar, S. K., Prasad, C. S. R., and Daya, S. S., 2012, “Analysis of Flow through an Orifice Meter: Cfd Simulation,” Chemical Engineering Science 71, pp. 300-309.
[11]	Versteeg, H. K., and Malalasekera, M., 2007, “An Introduction to Computational Fliud,”.
[12]	BS-EN-ISO, “Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running Full — Part 1: General Principles and Requirements,” BS EN ISO 5167-1: 2003.
[13]	BS-EN-ISO, “Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running Full — Part 2: Orifice Plates,” BS EN ISO 5167-2: 2003.
[14]	BS EN ISO, “Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running Full — Part 2: Orifice Plates,” BS EN ISO 5167-2: 2003.
[15]	Spink, L. K., 1967, “Principles and Practice of Flow Meter Engineering,” Ninth Edition ed., Foxboro, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: The Foxboro Company.
[16]	Young, D. F., Munson, B. R., and Okiishi, T. H., 2004, “A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics,” Wiley.
[17]	ANSYS, “Ansys Fluent Theory Guide,” ([cited Release 15.0 Southpointe November 2013]).
[18]	Leutwyler, Z., and Dalton, C., 2004, “A Cfd Study to Analyze the Aerodynamic Torque, Lift, and Drag Forces for a Butterfly Valve in the Mid-Stroke Position,” ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference, Paper HT-FED04-56016.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said, Abdelrahem Dohina, Lotfy Hassan Rabie. (2017). Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mechanics, 3(5), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said; Abdelrahem Dohina; Lotfy Hassan Rabie. Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mech. 2017, 3(5), 33-43. doi: 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said, Abdelrahem Dohina, Lotfy Hassan Rabie. Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mech. 2017;3(5):33-43. doi: 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11,
  author = {Mohammed Mohammed Said and Abdelrahem Dohina and Lotfy Hassan Rabie},
  title = {Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect},
  journal = {Fluid Mechanics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {33-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fm.20170305.11},
  abstract = {High pressure drop generated by a restriction orifice may result in a very low temperature, which can affect the piping material and may cause catastrophic piping failure if the operating temperature becomes lower than the minimum design temperature. This minimum design temperature is stated by piping ASME B31.3 code as -48°C. In such piping research branch, there has been relatively little investigation of very low temperature effect on pipelines. As well as, sizing the orifice with implementing temperature control to match piping material has a few analytical explanations, particularly in investigating the influence of Joule - Thomson effect on piping damage. Most commercial orifice sizing software ignore Joule - Thomson effect even though in choked flow condition. The objective of the present research is to compare a derived analytical equation with 3-D computational calculations by using ANSYS 16.0 for Joule - Thomson temperature drop through the orifice. As well as correlate the analytical equation to be safely considered as a good prediction tool for the lowest temperature at orifice throat instead of misleading ISO 5761 fully developed Joule - Thomson temperature drop. The analytical equation correlation has been carried out based on non-linear regression by grouping flow conditions, fluid properties, and orifice geometry, for minimum temperature prediction at orifice Vena-contracta. The numerical temperature differences in the fully developed flow regime after the office have been compared with EN ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop equation. Three orifices with β ratios, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been chosen for such study and numerical simulations have be carried out using k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. As a corollary of this study, it was concluded that the k-ε and k-ω models predict well both the flow and the fully developed temperature drop as compared with ISO 5761 equations. The errors are generally accepted at all conditions and both values give good agreement. The derived equation successfully predicts the lowest minimum temperature at Vena-contracta and can supersede ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop at fully devolved region.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect
AU  - Mohammed Mohammed Said
AU  - Abdelrahem Dohina
AU  - Lotfy Hassan Rabie
Y1  - 2017/08/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
T2  - Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Fluid Mechanics
JO  - Fluid Mechanics
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1816
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
AB  - High pressure drop generated by a restriction orifice may result in a very low temperature, which can affect the piping material and may cause catastrophic piping failure if the operating temperature becomes lower than the minimum design temperature. This minimum design temperature is stated by piping ASME B31.3 code as -48°C. In such piping research branch, there has been relatively little investigation of very low temperature effect on pipelines. As well as, sizing the orifice with implementing temperature control to match piping material has a few analytical explanations, particularly in investigating the influence of Joule - Thomson effect on piping damage. Most commercial orifice sizing software ignore Joule - Thomson effect even though in choked flow condition. The objective of the present research is to compare a derived analytical equation with 3-D computational calculations by using ANSYS 16.0 for Joule - Thomson temperature drop through the orifice. As well as correlate the analytical equation to be safely considered as a good prediction tool for the lowest temperature at orifice throat instead of misleading ISO 5761 fully developed Joule - Thomson temperature drop. The analytical equation correlation has been carried out based on non-linear regression by grouping flow conditions, fluid properties, and orifice geometry, for minimum temperature prediction at orifice Vena-contracta. The numerical temperature differences in the fully developed flow regime after the office have been compared with EN ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop equation. Three orifices with β ratios, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been chosen for such study and numerical simulations have be carried out using k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. As a corollary of this study, it was concluded that the k-ε and k-ω models predict well both the flow and the fully developed temperature drop as compared with ISO 5761 equations. The errors are generally accepted at all conditions and both values give good agreement. The derived equation successfully predicts the lowest minimum temperature at Vena-contracta and can supersede ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop at fully devolved region.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mohammed Mohammed Said

Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
Abdelrahem Dohina

Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
Lotfy Hassan Rabie

Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said, Abdelrahem Dohina, Lotfy Hassan Rabie. (2017). Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mechanics, 3(5), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said; Abdelrahem Dohina; Lotfy Hassan Rabie. Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mech. 2017, 3(5), 33-43. doi: 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mohammed Mohammed Said, Abdelrahem Dohina, Lotfy Hassan Rabie. Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect. Fluid Mech. 2017;3(5):33-43. doi: 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11,
  author = {Mohammed Mohammed Said and Abdelrahem Dohina and Lotfy Hassan Rabie},
  title = {Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect},
  journal = {Fluid Mechanics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {33-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fm.20170305.11},
  abstract = {High pressure drop generated by a restriction orifice may result in a very low temperature, which can affect the piping material and may cause catastrophic piping failure if the operating temperature becomes lower than the minimum design temperature. This minimum design temperature is stated by piping ASME B31.3 code as -48°C. In such piping research branch, there has been relatively little investigation of very low temperature effect on pipelines. As well as, sizing the orifice with implementing temperature control to match piping material has a few analytical explanations, particularly in investigating the influence of Joule - Thomson effect on piping damage. Most commercial orifice sizing software ignore Joule - Thomson effect even though in choked flow condition. The objective of the present research is to compare a derived analytical equation with 3-D computational calculations by using ANSYS 16.0 for Joule - Thomson temperature drop through the orifice. As well as correlate the analytical equation to be safely considered as a good prediction tool for the lowest temperature at orifice throat instead of misleading ISO 5761 fully developed Joule - Thomson temperature drop. The analytical equation correlation has been carried out based on non-linear regression by grouping flow conditions, fluid properties, and orifice geometry, for minimum temperature prediction at orifice Vena-contracta. The numerical temperature differences in the fully developed flow regime after the office have been compared with EN ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop equation. Three orifices with β ratios, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been chosen for such study and numerical simulations have be carried out using k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. As a corollary of this study, it was concluded that the k-ε and k-ω models predict well both the flow and the fully developed temperature drop as compared with ISO 5761 equations. The errors are generally accepted at all conditions and both values give good agreement. The derived equation successfully predicts the lowest minimum temperature at Vena-contracta and can supersede ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop at fully devolved region.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analytical and Numerical Calculation of the Orifice Minimum Temperature Due to Joule - Thomson Effect
AU  - Mohammed Mohammed Said
AU  - Abdelrahem Dohina
AU  - Lotfy Hassan Rabie
Y1  - 2017/08/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
T2  - Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Fluid Mechanics
JO  - Fluid Mechanics
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1816
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fm.20170305.11
AB  - High pressure drop generated by a restriction orifice may result in a very low temperature, which can affect the piping material and may cause catastrophic piping failure if the operating temperature becomes lower than the minimum design temperature. This minimum design temperature is stated by piping ASME B31.3 code as -48°C. In such piping research branch, there has been relatively little investigation of very low temperature effect on pipelines. As well as, sizing the orifice with implementing temperature control to match piping material has a few analytical explanations, particularly in investigating the influence of Joule - Thomson effect on piping damage. Most commercial orifice sizing software ignore Joule - Thomson effect even though in choked flow condition. The objective of the present research is to compare a derived analytical equation with 3-D computational calculations by using ANSYS 16.0 for Joule - Thomson temperature drop through the orifice. As well as correlate the analytical equation to be safely considered as a good prediction tool for the lowest temperature at orifice throat instead of misleading ISO 5761 fully developed Joule - Thomson temperature drop. The analytical equation correlation has been carried out based on non-linear regression by grouping flow conditions, fluid properties, and orifice geometry, for minimum temperature prediction at orifice Vena-contracta. The numerical temperature differences in the fully developed flow regime after the office have been compared with EN ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop equation. Three orifices with β ratios, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 have been chosen for such study and numerical simulations have be carried out using k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. As a corollary of this study, it was concluded that the k-ε and k-ω models predict well both the flow and the fully developed temperature drop as compared with ISO 5761 equations. The errors are generally accepted at all conditions and both values give good agreement. The derived equation successfully predicts the lowest minimum temperature at Vena-contracta and can supersede ISO 5761-Part 3 Joule - Thomson temperature drop at fully devolved region.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download