Superluminal movements are subject of discussion since many decades. The present work investigates how an electrical charged real matter particle can traverse the energy barrier at the speed of light in vacuum. Here, parity reflexion takes place with respect to space, time, and mass. It is postulated this traversal can occur by a jump-over supported by electrical attraction between the subluminal particle and its virtual superluminal co-particle producing an electrical field opposite in sign. The jump over the light barrier implies a zero in time and here the particle becomes undetectable in position and mass. The result of the calculation shows two exclusive speeds where light-barrier crossing can occur from a sub- to a superluminal state or reverse. This leads to three different kinds of objects, where the first is denoted a subluminal mono-particle Bradyon, the second a superluminal mono-particle Tachyon, and the third a luminal twin Luxon consisting of two parts absolutely complementary in their states alternating between the both speeds, those touch the light-barrier, and traveling with an average of light-speed. A relation between the distance of a subluminal particle to its superluminal co-particle and the wave-length of the system can be manifested. The constant in speed of light is discussed.
Published in | American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 11, Issue 2) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15 |
Page(s) | 46-51 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Special Relativity, Superluminality, CPT Operation, Time Reversal
[1] | Azbel, M. Y.: Superluminal velocity, tunneling traversal time, and causality. Solid State Comm. 91 (1994) 439-441. |
[2] | Bilaniuk, O. M. P., Deshpande, V. K., Sudarshan, E. C. G.: Meta relativity. Am. J. Phys. 30 (1962) 718-727. |
[3] | Born, M., Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference, and Diffraction of Light. 7th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England (1999). |
[4] | Casimir, H. B. G.; Polder, D. The Influence of Retardation on the London-van der Waals Forces. Phys. Rev. 73 (1948) 360-372. |
[5] | Castorina, P., Recami, E.: Hadrons as compounds of bradyons and tachyons. Lett. Nuovo Cim. 22 (1978) 195-202. |
[6] | Childs, L. A. A Concrete Introduction to Higher Algebra. Springer, New York (2009). |
[7] | Chu, S., Wong, S.: Linear pulse-propagation in an absorbing medium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, (1982) 738-741. |
[8] | Crough, P., Clay R.: Nick, H. (ed.) Faster than Light, pp. 135-136. Nal Books, New York (1988). |
[9] | Deutch, J. M., Low, F. E.: Barrier penetration and superluminal velocity. Ann. Phys. (NY) 228 (1993) 184-202. |
[10] | Enders, A., Nimtz, G.: Evanescent-mode propagation and quantum tunneling. Phys. Rev. E 48 (1993) 632-634. |
[11] | Einstein, A.: Does the inertia of a body depend on its energy content. Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 17 (1905) 891-921. |
[12] | Feinberg, G.: Possibility of faster-than-light particles. Phys. Rev. 159 (1967) 1089-1095. |
[13] | Folman, R., Recami, E.: On the phenomenology of tachyon radiation. Found. Phys. Lett. 8 (1995) 127-134. |
[14] | Garret, C. G. B., McCumber, D. E.: Propagation of a Gaussian light pulse through an anomalous dispersion medium. Phys. Rev. A, Gen. Phy. 1 (1970) 305-313. |
[15] | Hass, K., Busch, P.: Causality and superluminal barrier traversal. Phys. Rev. Lett. A 185 (1994) 9-13. |
[16] | Krenzlin, H. M., Krenzlin, H., Budczies, J., Kehr, K.: Wave packet tunneling. Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 7 (1998) 732. |
[17] | Landau, L. D., Lifschitz, E. M.: Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Pergamon Press, Oxford, England (1987). |
[18] | Leavens, C. R., Sala Mayato, R.: Are predicted superluminal tunneling times an artifact of using the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation? Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 7 (1998) 662-670. |
[19] | Lorentz, H. A., Einstein, A., Minkowski, H., Weyl, H.: The principle of relativity: A collection of original memoirs on the special and general theory of relativity. Dover Books on Physics, New York, Dover (1952). |
[20] | Low, F. E.: Comments on apparent superluminal propagation. Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 7 (1998) 660-661. |
[21] | Martin, Th., Landauer, R.: Time delay of evanescent electromagnetic waves and the analogy to particle tunneling. Phys. Rev. A 45 (1991) 2611-2617. |
[22] | Melloy, G. F., Bracken, A. J.: The velocity of probability transport in quantum mechanics. Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) 7 (1998) 726-721. |
[23] | Mignani, R., Recami, E.: CPT-Covariance: Physical meaning of a new derivation. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 11 (1974) 421-426. |
[24] | Mignani, R., Recami, E., Baldo, M.: About a Dirac-like equation for the photon according to Ettore Majorana. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 11 (1974) 568-572. |
[25] | Mugnai, D., Ranfagni, A., Ruggeri, R.: Observation of superluminal behaviors in wave propagation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 4830-4833. |
[26] | Newton, T. D., Wigner, E. D.: Localized states for elementary systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 (1949) 400-406. |
[27] | Nimtz, G.: Instantanes Tunneln Tunnelexperimente mit elektromagnetischen Wellen. Phys. Bl. 49 (1993) 1119-1120. |
[28] | Nimtz, G., Heitmann, W.: Superluminal photonic tunneling and quantum electronics. Progr. Quantum Electronics 21 (1997) 81-108. |
[29] | Nimtz, G.: Superluminal signal velocity. Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 7 (1998) 618-624. |
[30] | Nimtz, G.: On virtual phonons, photons & electrons. Found Phys. 39 (2009) 1346-1355. |
[31] | Nimtz, G.: Tunneling confronts special relativity. Found Phys. 41 (2011) 1193-1199. |
[32] | Pavsic, M., Recami, E.: Charge conjugation and internal space-time symmetries. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 34 (1982) 357-362. |
[33] | Peterson, I.: Faster-than-light time tunnels for photons. Science News 146 (1994) 6-9. |
[34] | Recami E.: Aspetti Moderni della Fisica Greca. Giornale di Fisica (Bologna) 11 (1970) 300-312. |
[35] | Recami, E.: Albert Einstein 1879-1979. In: De Finis F., Pantaleo, M. (eds.) Relativity, Quanta, and Cosmology. Johnson Reprint Co., New York (1979) pp. 537-597. |
[36] | Recami, E.: The Tolman/Regge paradox: Its solution by tachyon. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 44 (1985) 587-593. |
[37] | Recami, E.: Tachyon mechanics and causality: A systematic thorough analysis of the tachyon causal paradoxes. Found. Phys. 17 (1987) 239-296. |
[38] | Recami, E.: Classical tachyons and possible applications: A review. Riv. Nuovo Cimento 9 (1996) 1-178. |
[39] | Recami E., Mignani, R.: Classical theory of tachyons. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 4 (1974) 209-290. |
[40] | Schmid, R., Sun, Q.: Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine 6 (2001) 1-12. |
[41] | Sommerfeld, A.: Zur Elektronentheorie. III. Ueber Lichtgeschwindigkeits- und Ueberlichtgeschwindigkeits-Elektronen.. Nachr. Gesellschaft fr Wissenschaftsforschung. Goettingen Feb. 25 (1905) 201-235. |
[42] | Sommerfeld, A.: Ein Einwand gegen die Relativtheorie der Elektrodynamik und seine Beseitigung. Phys. Zeitschr. 8 (1907) 841-842. |
[43] | Stahlhofen, A. A., Nimtz, G.: Evanescent modes are virtual photons. Europhys. Lett. 76 (2006) 189-195. |
[44] | Tiller, W. A..: Science and Human Transformation. Pavior Publishing, Walnut Creek, CA (1997). |
[45] | Tolman, R. C.: The Theory of the Relativity of Motion. University of California Press, Berleley, U.S.A. 1917. |
[46] | Wick, G. C., Wightman, A. S., Wigner, E. P.: Intrinsic parity of elementary particles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 34 (1962) 845-872. |
[47] | Withayachumnankui, W., Fischer, B. M., Ferguson, B., Davis, B. R., Abbot, D.: A systemized view of superluminal wave propagation. Proc. IEEE 22 (2010) 1-10. |
[48] | Wu, C. S., Ambler, E., Hayward, R. W., Hoppes, D. D., Hudson. R. P.: Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay. Phys. Rev. 105 (1957) 1413-1415. |
APA Style
Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz. (2022). Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing. American Journal of Modern Physics, 11(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15
ACS Style
Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz. Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2022, 11(2), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15
AMA Style
Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz. Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing. Am J Mod Phys. 2022;11(2):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15
@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15, author = {Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz}, title = {Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing}, journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {46-51}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20221102.15}, abstract = {Superluminal movements are subject of discussion since many decades. The present work investigates how an electrical charged real matter particle can traverse the energy barrier at the speed of light in vacuum. Here, parity reflexion takes place with respect to space, time, and mass. It is postulated this traversal can occur by a jump-over supported by electrical attraction between the subluminal particle and its virtual superluminal co-particle producing an electrical field opposite in sign. The jump over the light barrier implies a zero in time and here the particle becomes undetectable in position and mass. The result of the calculation shows two exclusive speeds where light-barrier crossing can occur from a sub- to a superluminal state or reverse. This leads to three different kinds of objects, where the first is denoted a subluminal mono-particle Bradyon, the second a superluminal mono-particle Tachyon, and the third a luminal twin Luxon consisting of two parts absolutely complementary in their states alternating between the both speeds, those touch the light-barrier, and traveling with an average of light-speed. A relation between the distance of a subluminal particle to its superluminal co-particle and the wave-length of the system can be manifested. The constant in speed of light is discussed.}, year = {2022} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing AU - Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz Y1 - 2022/04/20 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15 T2 - American Journal of Modern Physics JF - American Journal of Modern Physics JO - American Journal of Modern Physics SP - 46 EP - 51 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-8891 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.15 AB - Superluminal movements are subject of discussion since many decades. The present work investigates how an electrical charged real matter particle can traverse the energy barrier at the speed of light in vacuum. Here, parity reflexion takes place with respect to space, time, and mass. It is postulated this traversal can occur by a jump-over supported by electrical attraction between the subluminal particle and its virtual superluminal co-particle producing an electrical field opposite in sign. The jump over the light barrier implies a zero in time and here the particle becomes undetectable in position and mass. The result of the calculation shows two exclusive speeds where light-barrier crossing can occur from a sub- to a superluminal state or reverse. This leads to three different kinds of objects, where the first is denoted a subluminal mono-particle Bradyon, the second a superluminal mono-particle Tachyon, and the third a luminal twin Luxon consisting of two parts absolutely complementary in their states alternating between the both speeds, those touch the light-barrier, and traveling with an average of light-speed. A relation between the distance of a subluminal particle to its superluminal co-particle and the wave-length of the system can be manifested. The constant in speed of light is discussed. VL - 11 IS - 2 ER -