Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity

Yormahmad Kholov

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity

Yormahmad Kholov

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 24 May 2020 Accepted: 15 June 2020 Published: 28 June 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
Page(s)	28-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Models of Quantum Gravity, Thermodynamics, Quantum Vacuum energy Density, Entropic Gravity, Inertia

References

[1]	J. D. Bekenstein, Black holes and entropy, Phys. Rev. D 7, 2333 (1973).
[2]	S. W. Hawking, Particle Creation By Black Holes, Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199 (1975) [Erratum-ibid. 46, 206 (1976)].
[3]	J. M. Bardeen, B. Carter and S. W. Hawking, The Four laws of black hole mechanics, Commun. Math. Phys. 31, 161 (1973).
[4]	T. Jacobson, Thermodynamics of space-time: The Einstein equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260 (1995) [arXiv: gr-qc/9504004].
[5]	T. Padmanabhan, Classical and quantum thermodynamics of horizons in spherically symmetric spacetimes, Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 5387 (2002) [arXiv: gr-qc/0204019].
[6]	T. Padmanabhan, Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights, arXiv: 0911.5004 [gr-qc].
[7]	E. P. Verlinde. On the Origin of Gravity and the Laws of Newton, JHEP 1104 (2011) 029 [arXiv: 1001.0785 [hep-th]].
[8]	A. D. Sakharov, Vacuum quantum fluctuations in curved space and the theory of gravitation, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 12, 1040 (1968) [Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. 177, 70 (1967 SOPUA, 34, 394.1991 GRGVA, 32, 365-367.2000)].
[9]	E. P. Verlinde, Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe, SciPost Phys. 2, 016 (2017) [arXiv: 1611.02269v2 [hep-th]].
[10]	R. G. Cai, L. M. Cao and Y. P. Hu, Hawking Radiation of Apparent Horizon in a FRW Universe, Class. Quant. Grav. 26, 155018 (2009) [arXiv: 0809.1554 [hep-th]].
[11]	R. G. Cai, L. M. Cao and Y. P. Hu, Corrected Entropy-Area Relation and Modified Friedmann Equations, JHEP 0808:090, 2008 [arXiv: 0807.1232 [hep-th]].
[12]	R. Cai, L. Cao, N. Ohta, Friedmann equations from entropic force, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 061501.
[13]	Y. Cai, E. N. Saridakis, Inflation in entropic cosmology: Primordial perturbations and non-Gaussianities, Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) 280.
[14]	Y. Cai, J. Liu, H. Li, Entropic cosmology: a unified model of inflation and late-time acceleration, Phys. Lett. B 690 (2010) 213.
[15]	D. A. Easson, P. H. Frampton, G. F. Smoot, Entropic accelerating universe, Phys. Lett. B 696 (2011) 273.
[16]	Péter Ván and Sumiyoshi Abe, Emergence of modified Newtonian gravity from thermodynamics ArXiv: 1912.00252 (cond-mat).
[17]	L. M. Caligiuri, A. Sorli, “Relativistic energy and mass originate from homogeneity of space and time and from Quantum Vacuum energy density”, American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2014, pp. 51-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140302.14.
[18]	L. M. Caligiuri, A. S. Sorli, Gravity originates from variable energy density of quantum vacuum, American Journal of Mod. Phys., 2014; 3 (3): 118-128.
[19]	M. Planck, On the dynamics of moving system, presented at the meeting of 13 June 1907 (Zur Dynamil bewegter Systeme, Sitz. ber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., pp. 542-570 Berlin).
[20]	Crawford, F. H. (1963). Heat, Thermodynamics, and Statistical Physics, Rupert Hart-Davis, London, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc..
[21]	C. M. Maxwell, A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 155, part IV, 1865.
[22]	A. D. Dolgov, Y. B. Zeldovich, M. B. Sajin, Cosmology of the early universe, Moscow State University press, 1988; ISBN 5-211-00108-7.
[23]	A. S. Sorli, Mass–Energy Equivalence Extension onto a Superfluid Quantum Vacuum, Journal Nature Phys., vol. 9, 11737 (2019).

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yormahmad Kholov. (2020). Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. American Journal of Modern Physics, 9(2), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yormahmad Kholov. Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2020, 9(2), 28-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yormahmad Kholov. Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. Am J Mod Phys. 2020;9(2):28-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12,
  author = {Yormahmad Kholov},
  title = {Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  abstract = {Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity
AU  - Yormahmad Kholov
Y1  - 2020/06/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 28
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
AB  - Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Yormahmad Kholov

Department of Transport, Tajik Technical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yormahmad Kholov. (2020). Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. American Journal of Modern Physics, 9(2), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yormahmad Kholov. Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2020, 9(2), 28-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yormahmad Kholov. Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity. Am J Mod Phys. 2020;9(2):28-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12,
  author = {Yormahmad Kholov},
  title = {Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20200902.12},
  abstract = {Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamics of Moving Bodies or a New Approach to Emergent Gravity
AU  - Yormahmad Kholov
Y1  - 2020/06/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 28
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200902.12
AB  - Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download