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From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates

Received: 26 September 2026     Accepted: 5 October 2026     Published: 23 October 2026
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Abstract

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has moved quickly from novelty to an everyday learning resource in higher education. Yet frequent exposure does not necessarily mean that students understand how to use these systems critically, safely, and academically. This distinction is especially consequential in health-related education, where inaccurate outputs, privacy breaches, and uncritical reliance can shape learning habits with implications beyond the classroom. Purpose: This study examined GenAI awareness and learning-oriented utilisation among undergraduates in a specialised allied health sciences university in Nigeria and tested whether awareness statistically predicts academic use. Sample: The sample comprised 220 consenting first-year undergraduates drawn from 14 academic programmes. Design and method: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted from 6 to 10 September 2026. A study-specific questionnaire measured GenAI awareness with 10 items and utilisation for learning with 12 items, both on four-point scales. Internal consistency was high for awareness (Cronbach’s α = .86) and utilisation (α = .95). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were used, with HC3 robust standard errors and Spearman correlation as robustness checks. Results: GenAI exposure was widespread: 96.8% had heard of GenAI and 94.5% reported prior use. ChatGPT was the most frequently used tool (60.0%). Mean awareness was 3.48 (SD = .45), while mean utilisation was 3.44 (SD = .52). Awareness was moderately associated with utilisation (r = .427, 95% CI [.313, .530], p < .001) and significantly predicted utilisation (B = .490, HC3 SE = .073, β = .427, 95% CI [.346, .634], p < .001), explaining 18.3% of the variance. The pattern remained in a sensitivity analysis restricted to self-reported prior users. Conclusions: Awareness matters for academic GenAI use, but it is not sufficient. Students were more aware of GenAI capabilities than of privacy, bias, and academic-integrity risks, revealing a descriptive capability-criticality gap. Allied health institutions should therefore move beyond tool exposure towards structured AI literacy that combines practical use with verification, ethical judgement, confidentiality, and discipline-specific reasoning.

Published in American Journal of Education and Information Technology (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11
Page(s) 48-59
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Generative Artificial Intelligence, AI Literacy, Awareness, Utilisation, Allied Health Education, Higher Education, Nigeria

References
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[8] Gruenhagen, J. H., P. M. Sinclair, J.-A. Carroll, P. R. A. Baker, A. Wilson, and D. Demant. 2024. "The Rapid Rise of Generative AI and Its Implications for Academic Integrity: Students' Perceptions and Use of Chatbots for Assistance with Assessments." Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 7: 100273.
[9] Harris, E. C., A. Baldwin, K. J. Davies, J. K. Gaines, J. R. Hill, S. Tharrington, and E. Sperr. 2025. "Surveying Health Professions Students' Use of Generative AI Applications." Medical Science Educator 35: 1907-1911.
[10] Iliyasu, Z., H. O. Abdullahi, B. Z. Iliyasu, H. A. Bashir, T. G. Amole, H. M. Abdullahi, et al. 2025. "Correlates of Medical and Allied Health Students' Engagement with Generative AI in Nigeria." Medical Science Educator 35(1): 269-280.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Osijirin, A. N., Arinze, K. V., Precious, U. C., Okpe, S. O., Udo, N. A., et al. (2026). From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates. American Journal of Education and Information Technology, 10(2), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11

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    ACS Style

    Osijirin, A. N.; Arinze, K. V.; Precious, U. C.; Okpe, S. O.; Udo, N. A., et al. From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates. Am. J. Educ. Inf. Technol. 2026, 10(2), 48-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11

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    AMA Style

    Osijirin AN, Arinze KV, Precious UC, Okpe SO, Udo NA, et al. From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates. Am J Educ Inf Technol. 2026;10(2):48-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11,
      author = {Adesegun Nurudeen Osijirin and Khama Valentine Arinze and Umakalu Chioma Precious and Stella Ogechukwu Okpe and Nsangaette Asuquo Udo and Irene Chinyere Ezugwu and George Joseph Etim and Oka Obasi},
      title = {From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates},
      journal = {American Journal of Education and Information Technology},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {48-59},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajeit.20261002.11},
      abstract = {Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has moved quickly from novelty to an everyday learning resource in higher education. Yet frequent exposure does not necessarily mean that students understand how to use these systems critically, safely, and academically. This distinction is especially consequential in health-related education, where inaccurate outputs, privacy breaches, and uncritical reliance can shape learning habits with implications beyond the classroom. Purpose: This study examined GenAI awareness and learning-oriented utilisation among undergraduates in a specialised allied health sciences university in Nigeria and tested whether awareness statistically predicts academic use. Sample: The sample comprised 220 consenting first-year undergraduates drawn from 14 academic programmes. Design and method: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted from 6 to 10 September 2026. A study-specific questionnaire measured GenAI awareness with 10 items and utilisation for learning with 12 items, both on four-point scales. Internal consistency was high for awareness (Cronbach’s α = .86) and utilisation (α = .95). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were used, with HC3 robust standard errors and Spearman correlation as robustness checks. Results: GenAI exposure was widespread: 96.8% had heard of GenAI and 94.5% reported prior use. ChatGPT was the most frequently used tool (60.0%). Mean awareness was 3.48 (SD = .45), while mean utilisation was 3.44 (SD = .52). Awareness was moderately associated with utilisation (r = .427, 95% CI [.313, .530], p Conclusions: Awareness matters for academic GenAI use, but it is not sufficient. Students were more aware of GenAI capabilities than of privacy, bias, and academic-integrity risks, revealing a descriptive capability-criticality gap. Allied health institutions should therefore move beyond tool exposure towards structured AI literacy that combines practical use with verification, ethical judgement, confidentiality, and discipline-specific reasoning.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - From Awareness to Academic Use: Generative Artificial Intelligence Awareness as a Predictor of Utilisation for Learning Among Allied Health Undergraduates
    AU  - Adesegun Nurudeen Osijirin
    AU  - Khama Valentine Arinze
    AU  - Umakalu Chioma Precious
    AU  - Stella Ogechukwu Okpe
    AU  - Nsangaette Asuquo Udo
    AU  - Irene Chinyere Ezugwu
    AU  - George Joseph Etim
    AU  - Oka Obasi
    Y1  - 2026/10/23
    PY  - 2026
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11
    T2  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Education and Information Technology
    SP  - 48
    EP  - 59
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-712X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajeit.20261002.11
    AB  - Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has moved quickly from novelty to an everyday learning resource in higher education. Yet frequent exposure does not necessarily mean that students understand how to use these systems critically, safely, and academically. This distinction is especially consequential in health-related education, where inaccurate outputs, privacy breaches, and uncritical reliance can shape learning habits with implications beyond the classroom. Purpose: This study examined GenAI awareness and learning-oriented utilisation among undergraduates in a specialised allied health sciences university in Nigeria and tested whether awareness statistically predicts academic use. Sample: The sample comprised 220 consenting first-year undergraduates drawn from 14 academic programmes. Design and method: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted from 6 to 10 September 2026. A study-specific questionnaire measured GenAI awareness with 10 items and utilisation for learning with 12 items, both on four-point scales. Internal consistency was high for awareness (Cronbach’s α = .86) and utilisation (α = .95). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were used, with HC3 robust standard errors and Spearman correlation as robustness checks. Results: GenAI exposure was widespread: 96.8% had heard of GenAI and 94.5% reported prior use. ChatGPT was the most frequently used tool (60.0%). Mean awareness was 3.48 (SD = .45), while mean utilisation was 3.44 (SD = .52). Awareness was moderately associated with utilisation (r = .427, 95% CI [.313, .530], p Conclusions: Awareness matters for academic GenAI use, but it is not sufficient. Students were more aware of GenAI capabilities than of privacy, bias, and academic-integrity risks, revealing a descriptive capability-criticality gap. Allied health institutions should therefore move beyond tool exposure towards structured AI literacy that combines practical use with verification, ethical judgement, confidentiality, and discipline-specific reasoning.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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