Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infections in the Prison

Ade Indrayani; Andi Muhammad Adam; Faridha Ilyas; Safruddin Amin; Burhanuddin Bahar; Rizalinda Sjahrir

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison

Ade Indrayani, Andi Muhammad Adam, Faridha Ilyas, Safruddin Amin, Burhanuddin Bahar, Rizalinda Sjahrir

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 8 February 2016 Accepted: 29 February 2016 Published: 28 March 2016

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Abstract

Investigation of mucosa immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, in addition to examination of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) particularly in asymptomatic cases. This research is aimed to compare the levels of IgA mucosal urethral in asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-infection in male prisoners based on PCR examination in the prison. The methods used was urethral swab specimens collected from 43 asymptomatic male prisoners at the Sidrap Prison in December 2015 and then were examined using PCR method, followed by examination of mucosal IgA levels. The results indicate prevalence of CT based on PCR examination is 2.3%. Based on the examination of PCR, mucosal IgA levels in infected by CT six-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (4.45) vs (0.77 ± 0.52) with p = 0.09. Based on the examination of mucosal IgA, the level of infected IgA is four-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (2.48 ± 1.41) vs (0.64 ± 0.21), with p < 0.001. The combination of a positive PCR results and/or IgA positive with urethral specimen indicate infection of CT, but PCR and IgA in CT infections are not interchangeable but both constitute complementary examination.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
Page(s)	30-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection, IgA Mucosal, PCR

References

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[2]	VaIkengoid, IG, Morre, SA, Brule, AJ, et al. Low diagnostic accuracy of selective screening criteria for asymtomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population. Sex Transm Infect. 2000; 76: 375-80.
[3]	Louise, MH, Beagley, K., and Timms, P. Chlamydia trachomatis infection: host immune responses and potential vaccine. Mucosal Immunol. 2008; 1 (2): 116-130.
[4]	Anderson, DJ Genitourinary immune defense. Holmes, KK, Sparling, PF, Stamm, WE, Piot, P., Wasserheit, JN, Corey, L., Cohen, MS, Watts, DH, editor: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 4th ed., 2008. New York; McGraw-Hill.
[5]	Bernstein, DI and Milligan, GN Mucosal immunity of the Genital Tract. Mestecky, J., Lamm, MF, Strober, W., Bienenstock, J., McGhee, JR, Mayer, L., editor: Mucosal Immunology, 3rd ed. 2005, USA; Elsevier Academic Press.
[6]	Steiner, US, Haller, DM, Elger, BS, Seb o, P., Gaspoz, JM, Wolff, H. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Swiss prison: a cross sectional study. Swiss Med Wkly. 2010; 140: 1-5.
[7]	Kouyoumdjian, FG, Main, C., Calzavara, LM, Kiefer, L. Prevalence and predictors of urethral chlamydia and gonorrhea infection in male inmate in an Ontario Corectional Facility. Can J Public Health. 2011; 102 (3): 220-24.
[8]	Bernstein, KT, Chow, JM, Ruiz, J., Schachter, J., Horowitz, E., Bunnell, R., Boian, G. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection Among men and women entering California Prisons. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96: 1862-1866.
[9]	Hirst, H. and Dinsmore, WW Chlamydia Screening Programme, HMP Hydebank Wood Young Offender Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Int J of STD & AIDS. 2009; 20: 360-1.
[10]	Pate, MS, Hedges, SR, Sibley, DA, Russell, MW, Hook, EW, Mestecky, J. Urethral Cytokines and Immune Responses in -Infected Males Chlamydiatrachomatis. Infection and Immunity. 2001; P7178-81.
[11]	Esse-Sorlie, D. Medical Biostatistic and Epidemiology. Connecticut: A Simon and chuster Company. 1995; 71-85.
[12]	Simpson, J., Berry, G. Normal Distribution. In: Kerr, C et al. Ed’s. Handbook of Public Health Methods. Sidney. The Mc Graw Hill Company Inc. 1998; 212-216. 70.
[13]	Fresse, USA, Sueur, JM, Hamdad, F. Diagnosis and follow-up of genital chlamydial infection by direct methods and by detection of serum IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA. IJMM. 2010; 28 (4): 326-31.
[14]	Witkin, SS, Bongiovanni, AM, Inglis, SR Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Endocervical Anti- Immunoglobulin A in Pregnant Women by a Rapid, 6-Minute Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Comparison with PCR and Chlamydial Antigen Detection Methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997; 35: 1781-3.

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APA Style

Ade Indrayani, Andi Muhammad Adam, Faridha Ilyas, Safruddin Amin, Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. (2016). Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(2), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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ACS Style

Ade Indrayani; Andi Muhammad Adam; Faridha Ilyas; Safruddin Amin; Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(2), 30-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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AMA Style

Ade Indrayani, Andi Muhammad Adam, Faridha Ilyas, Safruddin Amin, Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(2):30-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14,
  author = {Ade Indrayani and Andi Muhammad Adam and Faridha Ilyas and Safruddin Amin and Burhanuddin Bahar and Rizalinda Sjahrir},
  title = {Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  abstract = {Investigation of mucosa immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, in addition to examination of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) particularly in asymptomatic cases. This research is aimed to compare the levels of IgA mucosal urethral in asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-infection in male prisoners based on PCR examination in the prison. The methods used was urethral swab specimens collected from 43 asymptomatic male prisoners at the Sidrap Prison in December 2015 and then were examined using PCR method, followed by examination of mucosal IgA levels. The results indicate prevalence of CT based on PCR examination is 2.3%. Based on the examination of PCR, mucosal IgA levels in infected by CT six-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (4.45) vs (0.77 ± 0.52) with p = 0.09. Based on the examination of mucosal IgA, the level of infected IgA is four-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (2.48 ± 1.41) vs (0.64 ± 0.21), with p < 0.001. The combination of a positive PCR results and/or IgA positive with urethral specimen indicate infection of CT, but PCR and IgA in CT infections are not interchangeable but both constitute complementary examination.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison
AU  - Ade Indrayani
AU  - Andi Muhammad Adam
AU  - Faridha Ilyas
AU  - Safruddin Amin
AU  - Burhanuddin Bahar
AU  - Rizalinda Sjahrir
Y1  - 2016/03/28
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 30
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
AB  - Investigation of mucosa immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, in addition to examination of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) particularly in asymptomatic cases. This research is aimed to compare the levels of IgA mucosal urethral in asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-infection in male prisoners based on PCR examination in the prison. The methods used was urethral swab specimens collected from 43 asymptomatic male prisoners at the Sidrap Prison in December 2015 and then were examined using PCR method, followed by examination of mucosal IgA levels. The results indicate prevalence of CT based on PCR examination is 2.3%. Based on the examination of PCR, mucosal IgA levels in infected by CT six-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (4.45) vs (0.77 ± 0.52) with p = 0.09. Based on the examination of mucosal IgA, the level of infected IgA is four-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (2.48 ± 1.41) vs (0.64 ± 0.21), with p < 0.001. The combination of a positive PCR results and/or IgA positive with urethral specimen indicate infection of CT, but PCR and IgA in CT infections are not interchangeable but both constitute complementary examination.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ade Indrayani

Dermatovenereology Department, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Andi Muhammad Adam

Dermatovenereology Department, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Faridha Ilyas

Dermatovenereology Department, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Safruddin Amin

Dermatovenereology Department, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Burhanuddin Bahar

Public Health Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Rizalinda Sjahrir

Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

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APA Style

Ade Indrayani, Andi Muhammad Adam, Faridha Ilyas, Safruddin Amin, Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. (2016). Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 4(2), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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ACS Style

Ade Indrayani; Andi Muhammad Adam; Faridha Ilyas; Safruddin Amin; Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2016, 4(2), 30-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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AMA Style

Ade Indrayani, Andi Muhammad Adam, Faridha Ilyas, Safruddin Amin, Burhanuddin Bahar, et al. Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2016;4(2):30-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14,
  author = {Ade Indrayani and Andi Muhammad Adam and Faridha Ilyas and Safruddin Amin and Burhanuddin Bahar and Rizalinda Sjahrir},
  title = {Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20160402.14},
  abstract = {Investigation of mucosa immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, in addition to examination of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) particularly in asymptomatic cases. This research is aimed to compare the levels of IgA mucosal urethral in asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-infection in male prisoners based on PCR examination in the prison. The methods used was urethral swab specimens collected from 43 asymptomatic male prisoners at the Sidrap Prison in December 2015 and then were examined using PCR method, followed by examination of mucosal IgA levels. The results indicate prevalence of CT based on PCR examination is 2.3%. Based on the examination of PCR, mucosal IgA levels in infected by CT six-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (4.45) vs (0.77 ± 0.52) with p = 0.09. Based on the examination of mucosal IgA, the level of infected IgA is four-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (2.48 ± 1.41) vs (0.64 ± 0.21), with p < 0.001. The combination of a positive PCR results and/or IgA positive with urethral specimen indicate infection of CT, but PCR and IgA in CT infections are not interchangeable but both constitute complementary examination.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Levels of Immunoglobulin A Urethral Mucosa in Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Prison
AU  - Ade Indrayani
AU  - Andi Muhammad Adam
AU  - Faridha Ilyas
AU  - Safruddin Amin
AU  - Burhanuddin Bahar
AU  - Rizalinda Sjahrir
Y1  - 2016/03/28
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 30
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20160402.14
AB  - Investigation of mucosa immunoglobulin A (IgA) can be used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, in addition to examination of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) particularly in asymptomatic cases. This research is aimed to compare the levels of IgA mucosal urethral in asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-infection in male prisoners based on PCR examination in the prison. The methods used was urethral swab specimens collected from 43 asymptomatic male prisoners at the Sidrap Prison in December 2015 and then were examined using PCR method, followed by examination of mucosal IgA levels. The results indicate prevalence of CT based on PCR examination is 2.3%. Based on the examination of PCR, mucosal IgA levels in infected by CT six-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (4.45) vs (0.77 ± 0.52) with p = 0.09. Based on the examination of mucosal IgA, the level of infected IgA is four-fold higher than non-infectious with a mean ± SB (2.48 ± 1.41) vs (0.64 ± 0.21), with p < 0.001. The combination of a positive PCR results and/or IgA positive with urethral specimen indicate infection of CT, but PCR and IgA in CT infections are not interchangeable but both constitute complementary examination.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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