On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices

Gangzhi Zhou; Li Feng

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

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On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices

Gangzhi Zhou, Li Feng

Received: 8 July 2019 Accepted: 12 August 2019 Published: 17 October 2020

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Abstract

It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security concept and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21^st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core concept of "overall national security concept" is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.

DOI	10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
Published in	International Journal of Law and Society (Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2020)
Page(s)	154-160
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Security Mechanism, Overall National Security Concept, Culture Security, Security System

References

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[2]	Samuel P Huntington. (2000) The soldier and the state: The theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relation, Massachusetts, Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 15^th printing.
[3]	History of the National Security Council, 1947-1977 http://www. whitehouse.gov/nsc/history.html.
[4]	Melvyn A. LefEler, "A Preponderance of Power: National Security State, The Truman Administration and the ColdWar", Standford University Press. 1992. p. 175.
[5]	Project on National Security Reform, Forging a New Shield, (Arlington:PNSR, 2008), P7.
[6]	Pee, R. Int Polit (2018) 55: 693. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0094-0.
[7]	Ke, Niu. (2010), Meiguo guojiaanquan de chuangsheng, adapted from shixueyuekan.
[8]	Stanton L. (2017) A New Frontier in US National Security Policymaking: State and Local Governments. In: Jacob E. (eds) Rethinking Security in the Twenty-First Century. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
[9]	Junjie, Wang. (2010), Zhanzhengfa (War law), P123, Kunming, Yunnan: Yunan University press.
[10]	McConnon E. (2019) US Development Policy in the Ongoing War on Terror. In: Risk and the Security-Development Nexus. Rethinking International Development series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
[11]	Chongde, Xu. (2003), History of China’s Constitution, P326. Fujian: Fuzhou People’s press.
[12]	Hui, Liu et Xiaochun, Zhao. (2014), Challenges and Confrontations: the national security situation in 2013, p13-17, Beijing, China: Shehuikexuewenxian press.
[13]	Liping, Xia. (2013), zhongguo guojiaanquan yu diyuan zhengzhi, p1, Beijing, China: Social science press.
[14]	Xiaodong, Wang. (2009), Research on national security leadership system, p73, Beijing, China: Shishi Presss.
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[18]	Charles O. Jones. (2007), The American Presidency: A Very Short Introduction, P27, London, UK: Oxford University Press.

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Gangzhi Zhou, Li Feng. (2020). On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. International Journal of Law and Society, 3(4), 154-160. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

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Gangzhi Zhou; Li Feng. On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. Int. J. Law Soc. 2020, 3(4), 154-160. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

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Gangzhi Zhou, Li Feng. On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. Int J Law Soc. 2020;3(4):154-160. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11,
  author = {Gangzhi Zhou and Li Feng},
  title = {On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices},
  journal = {International Journal of Law and Society},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {154-160},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijls.20200304.11},
  abstract = {It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security concept and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core concept of "overall national security concept" is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices
AU  - Gangzhi Zhou
AU  - Li Feng
Y1  - 2020/10/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
T2  - International Journal of Law and Society
JF  - International Journal of Law and Society
JO  - International Journal of Law and Society
SP  - 154
EP  - 160
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1908
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
AB  - It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security concept and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core concept of "overall national security concept" is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Gangzhi Zhou

Law School, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
Li Feng

Law School, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China

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APA Style

Gangzhi Zhou, Li Feng. (2020). On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. International Journal of Law and Society, 3(4), 154-160. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

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ACS Style

Gangzhi Zhou; Li Feng. On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. Int. J. Law Soc. 2020, 3(4), 154-160. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Gangzhi Zhou, Li Feng. On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices. Int J Law Soc. 2020;3(4):154-160. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11,
  author = {Gangzhi Zhou and Li Feng},
  title = {On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices},
  journal = {International Journal of Law and Society},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {154-160},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijls.20200304.11},
  abstract = {It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security concept and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core concept of "overall national security concept" is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices
AU  - Gangzhi Zhou
AU  - Li Feng
Y1  - 2020/10/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
T2  - International Journal of Law and Society
JF  - International Journal of Law and Society
JO  - International Journal of Law and Society
SP  - 154
EP  - 160
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1908
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20200304.11
AB  - It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security concept and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core concept of "overall national security concept" is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download