Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers

Dibendu Kumar Bej; Brajanath Kundu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers

Dibendu Kumar Bej, Brajanath Kundu

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 9 July 2020 Accepted: 22 July 2020 Published: 10 August 2020

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Abstract

Economical walking is defined by the steady state of oxygen consumption with top speed and technique in competition is one of the most important factors to achieve higher performance for Pedestrians. The technique of race walking which is defined by World Athletics race walking competitions rules 230.54.2 not a naturally obtained human skill as normal walking and running of childhood. The purpose of the study was to analyze the association and relation of race velocity with aerobic capacity and kinematic properties. Top 10 race walkers of 10000m race walk discipline (Men- U 20), from 33^rd National Junior Athletic Championships, Nov, 2017 held at Acharya Nagarjuna University, Vijaywada, A. P. India were digitized as the subject. For kinematic analysis, athletes were recorded as they passed through halfway 4.55 KM at back straight on the 400 m track by using two standard digital HD camcorders (Nikon B700, 60Hz) mounted on rigid tripods 90° angle 4 m away from the track inside & outside where reference volume was 5 m long and 1.5 m high. Whereas to measure Vo₂ Max athletes’ performance were taken as they passed through 1.5 miles or 2414.02 m on the track. The video data were analyzed by using motion analysis software (KINOVEA). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (p<0.05) were employed for statistical calculation. The tabulation of data was done by using the IBM SPSS software. The result of the study showed that the correlation between race performance and VO₂ max was quite high, r (8df) = 0.726. A Strong relationship was found between step length and RW performance, i.e. r (8df) = 0.689. Whereas variables like, flight time, linearity, maximum knee and foot height of swing leg were positively correlated with the walking performance. A high degree positive association was located in the torso and pelvic displacement r = 0.768 & 0.804 respectively. In toe off phase “r” value of knee angle with performance was 0.742 that showed a high degree coefficient of correlation. Whereas at heel contact and mid stance phase a low degree negative correlation found (r = -0.489& -0.406). Most of the calculated “r” values were significant as the critical value of 8 df at 0.05 level is 0.631. Due to the direct association of race walking velocity (Mean = 3.427 m/s & SD = 0.235) with VO₂ max, step length, knee angle, torso & pelvic displacement may be this type of result found indifferent phases. Race walking performance was positively associated with the race walking economy (kinematic and physiologic variables), which implies that the fastest race walkers were more economical than the lesser performers. In relation to RW technique and forward propulsion, displacement of torso and pelvic region observed a significant role.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13
Page(s)	62-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heel Contact, Mid Stance, Pedestrian, Toe off, Kinematic, VO₂ Max, etc.

References

[1]	Brisswalter, J.; Fougeron, B., & Legros, P. (1998). Variability in energy cost and walking gait during race walking in competitive race walkers, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 30 (9): 1451-1455.
[2]	Cairns, M.; Burdette, R.; Pisciotta, J., & Simon, S. (1986). A biomechanical analysis of racewalking gait, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 18 (4): 446-453.
[3]	De Angelis, M., & Menchinelli, C. (1992). Times of flight, frequency and length of stride in race walking. In R. Rodano (ed.), Proceedings of the X international symposium of biomechanics in sports. Milan, Italy.
[4]	Hanley, B., & Bissas, A. (2017). Analysis of lower limb work-energy patterns in world-class race walkers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35 (10), 1–7.
[5]	Hanley, B.; Bissas, A. & Drake, A. (2011). Kinematic characteristics of elite men’s and women’s 20 km race walking and their variation during the race. Sports Biomechanics, 10 (2): 110-124.
[6]	Hanley, B.; Bissas, A. & Drake, A. (2013). Kinematic characteristics of elite men’s 50 km race walking. European Journal of Sport Science, 13 (3): 272-279.
[7]	Hanley, B.; Bissas, A. (2012). Differences between body segment parameter models in analysing elite race walkers in competition, Gazzetta Medicaitaliana, 171 (5): 541-550.
[8]	Hoga, K., Ae, M., Enomoto, Y. Fujii, N. (2003) Mechanical energy flow in the recovery leg of elite race walkers. Sports Biomechanics, 2 (1), 1-13. 3 (1) 53-59.
[9]	Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41 (1), 3.
[10]	Lafortune, M., Cochrane, A., & Wright, A. (1989). Selected biomechanical parameters of race walking. Excel, 5, 15-17.
[11]	Larsen GE, George JD, Alexander JL, Fellingham GW, Aldana SG & Parcell AC. Prediction of Maximum Oxygen Consumption from Walking, Jogging, or Running. Research Quaterly for Exercise and Sports Journal. 2002; Vol-73, Issue-1: 66-72.
[12]	Martin et. al. (2011). Dependence between anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption in race walker. World race walking research. 26-29.
[13]	Payne, H., and Payne, R. (1981) Walks. In Payne, H. and Payne, R. (Eds.) The science of track and field athletic.
[14]	Salvage, J., Bolwicaski, B., Robertson, G., Whatley, I., and Westerfield, G. (2000) Race Walking. In Hambly, L. (Eds.) USA Track & field coaching manual. Human kinetics, Champain, Illinois, pp. 281-286.
[15]	Summers, H. (1991). Placement of the leading foot in race walking. Modern Athlete and Coach, 29 (1), 33–35.
[16]	White, S. C. & Winter, D. (1985). Mechanical power analysis of the lower limb musculature in race walking, International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 1 (1): 15-24.
[17]	World Athletics (International Association of Athletics Federation, IAAF). Competition rules 2017. www.worldathletics.org. Competitions and technical rules 2020.

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APA Style

Dibendu Kumar Bej, Brajanath Kundu. (2020). Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. American Journal of Sports Science, 8(3), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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Dibendu Kumar Bej; Brajanath Kundu. Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2020, 8(3), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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AMA Style

Dibendu Kumar Bej, Brajanath Kundu. Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. Am J Sports Sci. 2020;8(3):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13,
  author = {Dibendu Kumar Bej and Brajanath Kundu},
  title = {Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {62-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20200803.13},
  abstract = {Economical walking is defined by the steady state of oxygen consumption with top speed and technique in competition is one of the most important factors to achieve higher performance for Pedestrians. The technique of race walking which is defined by World Athletics race walking competitions rules 230.54.2 not a naturally obtained human skill as normal walking and running of childhood. The purpose of the study was to analyze the association and relation of race velocity with aerobic capacity and kinematic properties. Top 10 race walkers of 10000m race walk discipline (Men- U 20), from 33rd National Junior Athletic Championships, Nov, 2017 held at Acharya Nagarjuna University, Vijaywada, A. P. India were digitized as the subject. For kinematic analysis, athletes were recorded as they passed through halfway 4.55 KM at back straight on the 400 m track by using two standard digital HD camcorders (Nikon B700, 60Hz) mounted on rigid tripods 90° angle 4 m away from the track inside & outside where reference volume was 5 m long and 1.5 m high. Whereas to measure Vo2 Max athletes’ performance were taken as they passed through 1.5 miles or 2414.02 m on the track. The video data were analyzed by using motion analysis software (KINOVEA). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (p2 max was quite high, r (8df) = 0.726. A Strong relationship was found between step length and RW performance, i.e. r (8df) = 0.689. Whereas variables like, flight time, linearity, maximum knee and foot height of swing leg were positively correlated with the walking performance. A high degree positive association was located in the torso and pelvic displacement r = 0.768 & 0.804 respectively. In toe off phase “r” value of knee angle with performance was 0.742 that showed a high degree coefficient of correlation. Whereas at heel contact and mid stance phase a low degree negative correlation found (r = -0.489& -0.406). Most of the calculated “r” values were significant as the critical value of 8 df at 0.05 level is 0.631. Due to the direct association of race walking velocity (Mean = 3.427 m/s & SD = 0.235) with VO2 max, step length, knee angle, torso & pelvic displacement may be this type of result found indifferent phases. Race walking performance was positively associated with the race walking economy (kinematic and physiologic variables), which implies that the fastest race walkers were more economical than the lesser performers. In relation to RW technique and forward propulsion, displacement of torso and pelvic region observed a significant role.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers
AU - Dibendu Kumar Bej
AU - Brajanath Kundu
Y1 - 2020/08/10
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13
T2 - American Journal of Sports Science
JF - American Journal of Sports Science
JO - American Journal of Sports Science
SP - 62
EP - 67
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8540
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13
AB - Economical walking is defined by the steady state of oxygen consumption with top speed and technique in competition is one of the most important factors to achieve higher performance for Pedestrians. The technique of race walking which is defined by World Athletics race walking competitions rules 230.54.2 not a naturally obtained human skill as normal walking and running of childhood. The purpose of the study was to analyze the association and relation of race velocity with aerobic capacity and kinematic properties. Top 10 race walkers of 10000m race walk discipline (Men- U 20), from 33rd National Junior Athletic Championships, Nov, 2017 held at Acharya Nagarjuna University, Vijaywada, A. P. India were digitized as the subject. For kinematic analysis, athletes were recorded as they passed through halfway 4.55 KM at back straight on the 400 m track by using two standard digital HD camcorders (Nikon B700, 60Hz) mounted on rigid tripods 90° angle 4 m away from the track inside & outside where reference volume was 5 m long and 1.5 m high. Whereas to measure Vo2 Max athletes’ performance were taken as they passed through 1.5 miles or 2414.02 m on the track. The video data were analyzed by using motion analysis software (KINOVEA). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (p2 max was quite high, r (8df) = 0.726. A Strong relationship was found between step length and RW performance, i.e. r (8df) = 0.689. Whereas variables like, flight time, linearity, maximum knee and foot height of swing leg were positively correlated with the walking performance. A high degree positive association was located in the torso and pelvic displacement r = 0.768 & 0.804 respectively. In toe off phase “r” value of knee angle with performance was 0.742 that showed a high degree coefficient of correlation. Whereas at heel contact and mid stance phase a low degree negative correlation found (r = -0.489& -0.406). Most of the calculated “r” values were significant as the critical value of 8 df at 0.05 level is 0.631. Due to the direct association of race walking velocity (Mean = 3.427 m/s & SD = 0.235) with VO2 max, step length, knee angle, torso & pelvic displacement may be this type of result found indifferent phases. Race walking performance was positively associated with the race walking economy (kinematic and physiologic variables), which implies that the fastest race walkers were more economical than the lesser performers. In relation to RW technique and forward propulsion, displacement of torso and pelvic region observed a significant role.
VL - 8
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Dibendu Kumar Bej

Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Visva-Bharati (A Central University and an Institution of National Importance), Santiniketan, India
Brajanath Kundu

Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Visva-Bharati (A Central University and an Institution of National Importance), Santiniketan, India

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APA Style

Dibendu Kumar Bej, Brajanath Kundu. (2020). Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. American Journal of Sports Science, 8(3), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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ACS Style

Dibendu Kumar Bej; Brajanath Kundu. Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2020, 8(3), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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AMA Style

Dibendu Kumar Bej, Brajanath Kundu. Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers. Am J Sports Sci. 2020;8(3):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13,
  author = {Dibendu Kumar Bej and Brajanath Kundu},
  title = {Analysis of Aerobic Power and Swing Characteristics in Young Male Race Walkers},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {62-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20200803.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20200803.13},
  abstract = {Economical walking is defined by the steady state of oxygen consumption with top speed and technique in competition is one of the most important factors to achieve higher performance for Pedestrians. The technique of race walking which is defined by World Athletics race walking competitions rules 230.54.2 not a naturally obtained human skill as normal walking and running of childhood. The purpose of the study was to analyze the association and relation of race velocity with aerobic capacity and kinematic properties. Top 10 race walkers of 10000m race walk discipline (Men- U 20), from 33rd National Junior Athletic Championships, Nov, 2017 held at Acharya Nagarjuna University, Vijaywada, A. P. India were digitized as the subject. For kinematic analysis, athletes were recorded as they passed through halfway 4.55 KM at back straight on the 400 m track by using two standard digital HD camcorders (Nikon B700, 60Hz) mounted on rigid tripods 90° angle 4 m away from the track inside & outside where reference volume was 5 m long and 1.5 m high. Whereas to measure Vo2 Max athletes’ performance were taken as they passed through 1.5 miles or 2414.02 m on the track. The video data were analyzed by using motion analysis software (KINOVEA). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (p2 max was quite high, r (8df) = 0.726. A Strong relationship was found between step length and RW performance, i.e. r (8df) = 0.689. Whereas variables like, flight time, linearity, maximum knee and foot height of swing leg were positively correlated with the walking performance. A high degree positive association was located in the torso and pelvic displacement r = 0.768 & 0.804 respectively. In toe off phase “r” value of knee angle with performance was 0.742 that showed a high degree coefficient of correlation. Whereas at heel contact and mid stance phase a low degree negative correlation found (r = -0.489& -0.406). Most of the calculated “r” values were significant as the critical value of 8 df at 0.05 level is 0.631. Due to the direct association of race walking velocity (Mean = 3.427 m/s & SD = 0.235) with VO2 max, step length, knee angle, torso & pelvic displacement may be this type of result found indifferent phases. Race walking performance was positively associated with the race walking economy (kinematic and physiologic variables), which implies that the fastest race walkers were more economical than the lesser performers. In relation to RW technique and forward propulsion, displacement of torso and pelvic region observed a significant role.},
 year = {2020}
}

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