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In Search for Strength: A Regime (in) Security Facing Mass Protests in Ethiopia, 2015 to 2018
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
20-27
Received:
21 January 2020
Accepted:
6 March 2020
Published:
25 August 2020
Abstract: Drawing from extensive, comparative empirical data and relevant literature, this paper attempts to answer the question as to how and to what extent does pursuit of regime security explain the recent popular protests in Ethiopia. The insecurity of the regime is manifested in a state weakness, where the regime tries to gain strength but meets resistance from society; the resistance makes the regime adapt more coercive strategies for consolidation of state power which generates further resistance. This paper argues that human insecurity in Ethiopia has been mainly the result of the authoritarian nature of the state and the ruling party’s unprecedented pursuit of regime security. The author found out that the regime’s resilience seemed rooted in the strategies it has utilized in order to stay in power – namely, the quite disproportional deployment of coercive force to quash popular demand for reform; manipulations of the democratization process, and co-opting democratic institutions of the state. For the author, to address the root causes of human security problematic is essential for ensuring citizens’ prosperity and security thereby building a secure Ethiopian state.
Abstract: Drawing from extensive, comparative empirical data and relevant literature, this paper attempts to answer the question as to how and to what extent does pursuit of regime security explain the recent popular protests in Ethiopia. The insecurity of the regime is manifested in a state weakness, where the regime tries to gain strength but meets resista...
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Shifting the Absolute Competence of State Administrative Justice in the Indonesian Legal System
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
28-34
Received:
3 October 2019
Accepted:
1 November 2019
Published:
25 August 2020
Abstract: The element of "administrative justice in government" in the concept of rechstaat, whereas in the concept of rule of law there is no element, is a very fundamental different from the two concepts of this rule of law. The existence of administrative justice in the rechstaat concept is motivated by the government's authority to normalize all regulations in the form of statutory regulations, thus providing administrative justice as a forum for the public to seek justice. In Indonesia the authority to examine government policies related to citizens' rights is placed in a separate judicial institution, namely the State Administrative Court. PTUN's existence cannot be separated from the commitment of the Indonesian people to establish a rule of law and protect the interests of its citizens. In connection with that, Law Number 5 of 1986 concerning State Administrative Court was established as a material form of law as well as formally regarding government administration in Indonesia. 28 years after its formation, this law was considered to be no longer relevant in responding to the challenges of the times, especially in protecting the interests of the people from the arbitrariness of the authorities. Therefore, in 2014 the government and the House of Representatives passed Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration in which regulating a great number of new competencies for PTUN outside the competencies that had existed before. Some topics in this research are related to what the forms of expansion of the absolute competence of PTUN in the government administration law are, how the problems of implementation are, and what the implications for the Indonesian legal system are. The methode of this reasearch is juridical normative, where data will be enriched by conducting interviews with PTUN judges in several regions in Indonesia. The results showed that there were several forms of expansion of the absolute competence of PTUN, such as the authority to test factual actions, to test the abuse of authority, to test administrative efforts, to break positive fictitious decisions, and to test discretion. The problem found in the field was the lack of socialization carried out by the central government, including the Supreme Court, so that it still caused confusion for the judges. Meanwhile the implications faced after the enactment of this law on the Indonesian legal system are that many articles which, besides having ambiguous meanings, are also in conflict with the doctrines and theories of administrative law that have been adhered to by experts.
Abstract: The element of "administrative justice in government" in the concept of rechstaat, whereas in the concept of rule of law there is no element, is a very fundamental different from the two concepts of this rule of law. The existence of administrative justice in the rechstaat concept is motivated by the government's authority to normalize all regulati...
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Practices, Challenges and Opportunities of Using Afan Oromo as a Medium of Instruction in Upper Primary Schools of Berbere Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Bezabih Wondimu,
Tesfaye Guta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
35-43
Received:
15 April 2020
Accepted:
5 May 2020
Published:
10 September 2020
Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to investigate practices, challenges and opportunities of using Afan Oromo as a medium of instruction in upper primary schools of Berbere Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia. To attain the purpose of the study, mixed research design, that put on both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed and more specifically, concurrent triangulation mixed research design was employed. 45 teachers and 395 sample students were selected by using simple random sampling techniques respectively. Whereas, nine CRC supervisors and nine principals were selected by purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection tools. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency distribution (fd), percentage (%) mean (m) and t-test. The qualitative data was analyzed by narration and personal interpretation of the researcher. The finding of the study showed that; although there are the practices of using Afan Oromo as a medium of instruction, these practices are challenged by the absence of adequate reference materials and existence of negative perception of parents, students and local communities. The availability of Ethiopian Education and training policy and language policy has enormous opportunity for the use of mother tongues such as Afan Oromo as medium of instruction. So, to use Afan Oromo as medium of instruction in the upper primary school, it’s better to fulfill necessary supplies and exercise every opportunity that supports this practice. Finally, based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that strong collaboration among stakeholders needs to be undertaken to ensure the real practice of using Afan Oromo as medium of instruction in upper primary schools of Berbere Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia, South East Ethiopia.
Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to investigate practices, challenges and opportunities of using Afan Oromo as a medium of instruction in upper primary schools of Berbere Woreda, Bale Zone, Oromia. To attain the purpose of the study, mixed research design, that put on both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed and more specif...
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Quantifying Urban Unemployment Rate: Challenges, Coping Mechanisms and Self Employment Trends in Ethiopian Urban Centers
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
44-52
Received:
13 August 2019
Accepted:
15 October 2019
Published:
10 September 2020
Abstract: Currently, urban unemployment is alarming with drastic scenario. In this regard urban areas area highly affected by unemplyments. For this problem several factors are assumed to be in charge. These factors themselves vary from place to place. Urban areas occupied by numerous residents. Those residents are mainly jobseekers. Urban unemployment touches enormous issues include difficulties related to joblessness, system of dealing with such difficulties, entrepreneurship or self employment tendencies and complexity of the patterns of urban unemployment problems. However, the challenges, coping mechanisms, self employment trends and patterns of urban unemployment issues were not well examined and analyzed. Therefore, in this research those gaps were considered and key findings were realized. This research utilized quantitative data source and quantitative research methods were employed. Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software was utilized for both descriptive and inferential statistics. In fact, socio-demographic characteristics of respondents such as sex, educational categories and marital status were examined. Furthermore, variables, which potentially predict urban unemployment rate, were sufficiently quantified. Association and regression analysis was done for patterns of urban unemployment that help to identify determinants of urban unemployment. So this article was supposed to fill previous gaps concerning quantification of urban unemployment and its patterns.
Abstract: Currently, urban unemployment is alarming with drastic scenario. In this regard urban areas area highly affected by unemplyments. For this problem several factors are assumed to be in charge. These factors themselves vary from place to place. Urban areas occupied by numerous residents. Those residents are mainly jobseekers. Urban unemployment touch...
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Africa’s Free Trade Area: An Assessment of the Readiness of Regional Economic Communities in Continental Integration
Joseph Kwabena Manboah-Rockson
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
53-62
Received:
20 December 2019
Accepted:
27 January 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: The recently launched (July 2019) African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), whose setup begun in 2015, is widely seen as the crucial driver for economic growth, industrialization and sustainable development in Africa. The concluded agreement establishing the AfCFTA provides rules that will govern the movement of merchandise and services across the continent. It sets up the institutional framework that will guide and regulate the CFTA implementation processes. There is a recognition that the current path of economic regionalism in Africa is encouraging but has serious fractures on the continent and the global trading system. In the attempt to achieve an overarching continental strategy for continuous development, there are vestiges of regional economic integration schemes, in the areas of multiple economic alliances, overlapping schemes, the non-implementation of protocols and many other fractures. In an attempt to alleviate these vestiges, the latest wave of continental innovation – AfCFTA – raises a long-standing conundrum for continental order: when are regional organizations useful, and even essential complements to the ends of continental governance for benefit, and when do they threaten or undermine the achievement of these goals? This paper’s contention is that regionalism within Africa is anchored on many theories of integration, among them are functionalism, neo-functionalism, and intergovernmentalism, and based on the European integration experience. But drawing lessons from the enormous, political and economic as well as, security challenges confronting the African Union (AU) and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), how viable and ready can the RECs be used as ‘vehicles’ in support of the achievement of continental integration in Africa, when they are so ‘gullible’ themselves?
Abstract: The recently launched (July 2019) African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), whose setup begun in 2015, is widely seen as the crucial driver for economic growth, industrialization and sustainable development in Africa. The concluded agreement establishing the AfCFTA provides rules that will govern the movement of merchandise and services across ...
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COVID-19 and the Linear Perspective of Global Security
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
63-70
Received:
22 August 2020
Accepted:
11 September 2020
Published:
19 September 2020
Abstract: This paper diagnoses the interaction and behaviour of states in the international system in the light of the blush of global pandemic and potential security threat. Globally, humankind continue to witness slough diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Human Immune Virus/Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), H5N1 (avian/Bird flu), Swine fever, Malaria and in recent times, coronavirus (COVID–19) which has been declared by the World Health Organization (W.H.O) as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, states with financial wherewithal or capacity have hastily dispatched airplanes and ships to evacuate compatriots from afflicted states as both protective and preventive mechanisms. Since the COVID-19 virus spread to other parts of the world, it is axiomatic that the evacuation mechanism could serve as a conduit for the ‘importation’ of the virus from affected countries to the countries purporting to be providing safe haven for the evacuees. Undoubtedly, the evacuations increased the geopolitical spread of viruses or microbes around the world. The study argues that states need to join forces scientifically and financially to nib the spread of infectious diseases in the bud by dealing with the menace in the country of origin as a preventive measure to eliminate or minimize spread of viruses or diseases.
Abstract: This paper diagnoses the interaction and behaviour of states in the international system in the light of the blush of global pandemic and potential security threat. Globally, humankind continue to witness slough diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Human Immune Virus/Acquire Immu...
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