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Raging Bull: A Story of Physical and Psychological Self-destruction in Boxing
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
81-88
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
5 October 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: This paper proposes a new reading of Martin Scorsese’s 1980 film Raging Bull. It departs from established academic interpretations that focus on the main protagonist, the former middleweight champion, Jake LaMotta, and his toxic or overtly violent masculinity. Instead, while such interpretations touch upon important aspects of the film, the common claim by philosophy of film scholars that theirs is the only valid reading of Scorsese’s work is dubious. Arguing against elitist interpretations that border on calls for prohibition of the film, this contribution presents a new approach to Raging Bull. It is informed by sociological and ethnographic accounts from the US-American boxing milieu in the 20th century. This approach makes it necessary to ground an interpretation of Raging Bull in the actual circumstances of boxing in the United States where two views on the urban gym in social hot spots have been established. Those views are as follows: (i) the gym is perceived as something like a safe space and frontier against the outside world with all its troubles, and (ii) the gym is perceived through the lens of the various ideologies and socio-economic problems that permeate it on a daily basis and control much of what goes on inside. This sympathetic interpretation is supported by LaMotta’s autobiography, which served as a foundation for the film and supports the conclusion that there is a constant dialectical process between Jake’s violent behavior and the moral codes he was taught to obey, particularly those relating to the traditional institution of the family, whose rules govern Jake, even in total isolation.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new reading of Martin Scorsese’s 1980 film Raging Bull. It departs from established academic interpretations that focus on the main protagonist, the former middleweight champion, Jake LaMotta, and his toxic or overtly violent masculinity. Instead, while such interpretations touch upon important aspects of the film, the common ...
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Examination Regarding Change of Differences in the Diet Effect with Age: Analysis Based on Wavelet Interpolation Model
Katsunori Fujii,
Tohru Ishigaki,
Kohsuke Kasuya
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
89-94
Received:
5 October 2020
Accepted:
20 October 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: During diets, people basically try to change their living habits to lose weight, such as restricting caloric intake and increasing energy consumption through exercise and activity. This could truly be considered a hostile act against corpulence in modern society. For many women in particular, the act of dieting is essentially wishful thinking in their daily lives, and selecting easy diet food would seem to be an obvious way to achieve this wish. However, while the diet effect must be clear when selecting better diet products, there have been no findings on diet effect that consider the effects of age. In this study, we used product evaluation, sex, age, height, body weight before use, body weight after use, duration of use, and other factors in data from the T. M. Community Co., Ltd. (TMC) review site “Diet Cafe,” which specializes in diet products. We analyzed the changes in the diet effect with age by applying the wavelet interpolation model to the change in body weight and the percentage change in body weight in subjects aged from the 10s to 60s. In addition, with the curves describing the amount and percentage of the change in body weight, we investigated the inflection point (critical point) in the diet effect with age by deriving velocity curves as differentials. The WIM was applied to the age-related changes in the size of the diet effect, and the identification of the age of 30 as a critical point in the diet effect from the behavior of the velocity curve may be considered a finding derived for the first time. The slowing of the velocity then becomes consistent about 10 years after the critical point, at around the age of 40, from which it may be proposed that the age of 40 is a true transition phase for women.
Abstract: During diets, people basically try to change their living habits to lose weight, such as restricting caloric intake and increasing energy consumption through exercise and activity. This could truly be considered a hostile act against corpulence in modern society. For many women in particular, the act of dieting is essentially wishful thinking in th...
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A Study on Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability of Athletes, Non-athletes and Cricketers
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
95-98
Received:
29 July 2020
Accepted:
21 August 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: Resting heart rate (RHR) is a primary marker to understand the overall physical state of an individual. Rhythmic changes in heart rate (HR) at any given point reflect the complex interactions between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves system. Assessment of workload through HR can be confusing unless RHR is known. RHR & heart rate variability (HRV) at rest are important to justify training load, recovery and adaptation in sports. The study was carried out to explore the values of RHR and HRV parameters of cricketers, athletes and non-athletes of West Bengal. Forty three male volunteers with a mean age of 20.2 ± 2.1 years were selected for the study. Five minutes R-R intervals were recorded during resting state in the supine position. Mean HR, SDNN, and rMSSD of cricketers has been found to be 57 ± 5 bpm, 54.5 ± 15.7 ms, and 66.8 ± 21.6 ms respectively. No significant difference found in SDNN and rMSSD of three groups but a significant (p < 0.05) difference has been observed in RHR of cricketers. A low resting heart rate, a kind of bradycardia, has been found in the cricketers.
Abstract: Resting heart rate (RHR) is a primary marker to understand the overall physical state of an individual. Rhythmic changes in heart rate (HR) at any given point reflect the complex interactions between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves system. Assessment of workload through HR can be confusing unless RHR is known. RHR & heart rate variability (H...
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Conflict Management in Ethnic Tension Zones: Sport Contribution in Co-existence and Inclusion Citizenship Diversity: A Case Study in Aleksandria, Iraq
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
99-104
Received:
23 October 2020
Accepted:
3 November 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: The aim of the study was to strived to know how sports can be used as a tool in Co-existence and inclusion citizenship diversity, conflict resolution management and positive communication. This article seeks to move beyond a simplistic approach that asserts the sports are powerful to a richer articulation of how they function in conflict management. In order to achieve this desired outcome, qualitative design was employed. The sample consited of individuals associated with governmental and intergovernmental sport organizations, sports federations, as well as local athletes and community activists. Data was anlyzed using qualitative interpertive research. Analysis shows that sport work as tackle ethnic tension by animate positive ocmmunication plan settelment and resoluations conflict, trama healing and implement vital interventions conflict transformation and blocked violence. Results of this study contribute to developing the role of sports conflict management tool contribute to build peaceful and sustainable societies, and faces current challenges in ethnic tension zones, productively used to promote co-existence and inclusive citizenship diversity. Changes in approaches of conflict management entail close cooperation between policymakers, international organsiations and civil-society initiatives. Relating sports to peace-building agendas necessitates bridging the gap between reality on the ground and policy-making and demonstrate sport culture as part of a range of solutions in confilict management.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to strived to know how sports can be used as a tool in Co-existence and inclusion citizenship diversity, conflict resolution management and positive communication. This article seeks to move beyond a simplistic approach that asserts the sports are powerful to a richer articulation of how they function in conflict management...
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Health Information Risk Analysis Based on BMI Fluctuation
Yuki Takeyama,
Katsunori Fujii
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
105-110
Received:
1 December 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Obesity is a factor that lowers productivity in companies. In recent years there has been a focus on health management in the management of human resources, including obesity. Actually, as living habits change after people graduate from university and become company employees, a situation arises in which it is easy for obesity to occur from a lack of activity and the accumulation of stress. People therefore need to establish risk management for obesity while they are still university students. However, the concept of obesity as a human resource and the magnitude of that risk are not clear in university students. Since the cutoff value for obesity is not established, if health information on risk due to the degree of obesity were understood, it would perhaps contribute to the facilitation of health management in university students. In this study we assessed the level of health risk based on BMI fluctuations, calculated mean values for health information items for each unit of BMI for BMI values from 14 to 34, and analyzed fluctuations in health information items by analyzing changing trends in each item based on BMI fluctuation. The results showed that blood pressure and maximum oxygen uptake increased risks together with fluctuations in BMI. With this, it is thought that a new cutoff point for obesity risk can be established.
Abstract: Obesity is a factor that lowers productivity in companies. In recent years there has been a focus on health management in the management of human resources, including obesity. Actually, as living habits change after people graduate from university and become company employees, a situation arises in which it is easy for obesity to occur from a lack ...
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The Relationship Between Physical Development and Economic Growth in Japan: From the Perspective of Regional Differences in Biological Parameters
Yuki Kani,
Katsunori Fujii,
Keiko Abe,
Kan-ichi Mimura
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
111-115
Received:
2 December 2020
Accepted:
10 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Following the Second World War, there was a rapid increase in body size in Japan as a result of qualitative changes in the human environment from marked economic growth and the stable supply of nutrition. A phenomenon that facilitated this physical growth may be seen in the larger body sizes and earlier maturation combined with the secular trends in GDP resulting from high economic growth. However, this high economic growth did not occur uniformly nationwide. Similarly in physical growth, the trend for earlier maturation was not seen uniformly nationwide. This study applied the wavelet interpolation method to identify the age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) in pubertal growth (a biological parameter) from the growth velocity curves for height described for the 47 prefectures of Japan from 1955 to 2015. A secular trend model of this biological parameter was then constructed. This parameter as seen particularly in urban and rural areas was then applied to the secular trend model and, based on a composition that eliminates regional differences, the possibilities as a barometer of economic growth based on the biological parameter of early maturation were then explored. The results showed a trend for earlier maturation in all prefectures for both boys and girls. The multi-year span evaluation chart in this study showed a trend for earlier maturation from 1955 to 1970 in Tokyo and other large cities, after which there was a transition to average maturation. In Aomori, Oita and other rural areas, there was a trend for late maturation from 1955 to 1970, followed by a transition to earlier maturation. From these trends, there may be said to be a close relationship between physical growth and socioeconomic status. However, since the late 1990s the difference in maturation rate in urban and rural regions has disappeared. This may be from the effect of high economic growth coming to an end.
Abstract: Following the Second World War, there was a rapid increase in body size in Japan as a result of qualitative changes in the human environment from marked economic growth and the stable supply of nutrition. A phenomenon that facilitated this physical growth may be seen in the larger body sizes and earlier maturation combined with the secular trends i...
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